Question

Give (5 names) of Monoclonal antibodies preparations that are under clinical trials and give the mechanism of action of each?

Answer 1

#. Monoclonal antibodies are identical antibodies. - Antibodies are produced by B-lymphocytes - a type of white blood cell. - Monoclonal antibodies are produced from lots of clones of a single white blood cell - this means all the antibodies are identical and will only target one specific protein antigen.

List of drugs :-

1. Abciximab

Mechanism of Action :-

- Binds with Glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptors on the surface of platelets inhibiting thefinal common pathway for platelet aggregation.

- Binding with GP IIb/IIIa receptors produces a blockade that interferes with fibrinogen,von Willebrand factor and other platelet aggregation modulators.

- Binding with GP IIb/IIIa receptors effectively prevents the formation of intravascularthrombus and may contribute to the resolution of pre-existing thrombus.

2) Adalimumab

Mechanism of action :-

Neutralizes and prevents the action of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), resulting in antiinflammatory and antiproliferative activity. Therapeutic Effects: Decreased painand swelling with decreased rate of joint destruction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, juvenile arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Reducedsigns and symptoms and maintenance of clinical remission of Crohn's disease. Induction and maintenance of clinical remission of ulcerative colitis. Reduced severityof plaques.

3) Alemtuzumab

Mechanism of action :-

A. Binds to premature T cells in the thymus preventing maturation of leukemic cells.

B. Binds to the CD52 antigen present on most B and T lymphocytes leading antibody-dependent to lysis of leukemic cells.

C. Binds directly to any cancerous cells circulating in the body and marks them for cell lysis.

D. Binds to CD12 antigen on T helper cells so they target leukemic cells.

B. Binds to the CD52 antigen present on most B and T lymphocytes leading antibody-dependent to lysis of leukemic cells.

4) Basiliximab

Mechanism of action :-

Is a glycoprotein produced by recombinant technology. It is used to prevent white blood cells from acute renal transplantation rejection. It specifically binds to and blocks the alpha chain of interleukin-2 receptors (IL-2R alpha), also known as CD25 antigen, on the surface of activated T-lymphocytes.

5) Canakinumab

Mechanism of action :-

It is a human monoclonal anti-human IL-1β antibody of the IgG1/κ isotype. Canakinumab binds to human IL-1β and neutralizes its inflammatory activity by blocking its interaction with IL-1 receptors, but it does not bind IL-1α or IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra).