Question

A brief summary about:

Newton’s laws

Friction and circular movement

Work-energy(kinetic and potential)-power-and conservation of energy

Fluid( pascal’s law,buyoant force,Archimedes principle, fluid flow and viscosity and bernoulli’s equation)

Answer 1

Newton’s first law of motion-
It states that every body remains in state of rest or in motion, unless some
external force is applied on it.
e.g. Book kept on the table, car moving with constant speed.

Newton’s second law of motion-

It states that the rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to
the applied force and takes place in the direction of force.
Rate of change of momentum=
i.e. F =
F= ma
Where, F= Applied force,
m= Mass
v= Final velocity, u= Initial velocity
SI unit is Newton (N).

Newton’s third law of motion- laws of action and reaction.
It states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
e. g. When rocket is in motion, swimmer pushes the water backward and water
pushes him forward with equal force.

WORK,

If force applied on a body produces displacement then work is said to be
done.

Workdone= Force x Displacement
W= F x s
SI unit of work is Nm or joule and CGS unit is erg.
Power- Power is defined as the rate of doing work.
Power= Work / Time
P= dW / dt
SI unit of power is watt.
Energy- Energy is defined as the capacity to do work.
SI unit of energy is joule and CGS unit is erg.
Two common forms of energies- Kinetic energy and Potential energy.

Kinetic energy - The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its motion is
called as kinetic energy.
K.E.= mv²
SI unit of K.E. is joule.
Potential energy - The energy possessed by a body by due to its position s
called as potential energy.

P.E.= Weight x h = mgh
SI unit of P.E. is joule.
Law of conservation of energy-
It states that energy can neither be created nor be destroyed but can be
transferred from one form of energy to another form of energy. So the total energy in
the universe is constant.

Pasca's Law:-

When pressure is applied to one part of liquid it is equally transmitted to the other parts of liquid equally in all direction.

   e.g. 1.   Hydraulic lifts

         Hydraulic Breaks

Achemides Principle :-

When Solid insoluble body immersed partly or fully, it looses its weight and the loss of weight is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by that body.

W S of in Air – WS in liquid = ρliquid Vliquidg

Upthurst force or Beyouant force:-

The force with which liquid lifts the solid body in upward direction that force is called as upthurst force.

Viscosity

It is the property of liquids (fluids) in which liquid tries to oppose the relative motion between two adjacent layers of liquid.

   Streamline flow-

It is the flow in which every particle of liquid moves in the same direction of flow of liquid.e.g. flow of river in summer season.

   Turbulent flow-

It is the flow in which every particle of liquid moves in the Different direction of flow of liquid.e.g. flow of river in rainy season.

The Bernoulli Equation can be considered to be a statement of the conservation of energy

Within a horizontal flow of fluid, points of higher fluid speed will have less pressure than points of slower fluid speed.

Bernoulli's equation relates the pressure, speed, and height of any two points (1 and 2) in a steady streamline flowing fluid of density \rhoρrho. Bernoulli's equation is usually written as follows,