Question

Part VII – Societal Implications of HIV Protection Questions It is a relatively simple procedure to test the genotype of a person at the CCR5 gene to determine whether they have the CCR5Δ32 mutation. Should a person wishing to have their genotype tested be allowed to do so? What are the arguments for and against genotype testing of the CCR5 gene? 2. This mechanism of protection against HIV seems to rely on continued exposure to maintain the immunity. However, the mechanisms causing the protection are not well understood and despite relative immunity these people could still be infected. What would you recommend to a person engaged in high risk activity that appears to exhibit protection against HIV-1? What leads you to make these recommendations? A recent article in a popular science magazine (Wallace, 2009) reported on the study that uninfected partners of HIV-infected men who practice oral sex have higher levels of HIV-specifc antibodies in their saliva. Te title and subtitle of the articles were: “HIV resistance through oral sex: A new study suggests that repeated exposure can help produce resistant antibodies.” Discuss the accuracy of this title. Does it represent what’s known about this feld of investigation appropriately? Why or why not? What sort of efects might this title have in our society? In biology, the terms “resistance” and “immunity” have diferent meanings. Resistance is a preexisting mutation in an organism that confers protection against a threat or challenge such as a virus. “Resistance” is used in the same manner as “antibiotic-resistance” in bacteria. “Immunity” refers to an active response of the immune system to the challenge of foreign particles that confers protection upon the organism. You have investigated many forms of protections against HIV. Which of these constitute resistance and which of them constitute immunity?

Answer 1

Genetic testing is a type of medical test to identify the changes in genes, and chromosomes. it helps to find the genetic condition and determine person chance of knowing genetic disorder, before having this test the person should understand the testing procedure, benefits, limitations, and possible consequences of the test results. informed consent important before the test is being done. accurate information provides more information that help for informed decisions. Patient autonomy should be respected they have the right to be self-governing and directing.
Genotype testing causes serious issues for public health. medicine under which circumstances the test should be used and its results. patient autonomy, confidentiality, privacy and equity as a legal and ethical principles law protect the test undergo for those who have this test. there is an argument against genetic screening. sometimes genetic screening leads to discrimination with inferior genes. sometimes people fear like genetic screening change the way of the fetus for selecting a better child. a mutated form of gene CCR5 has a chance of carrying a virus that causes AIDS.
Most of the infants when they born to HIV infected mothers are infected with HIV and progress to AIDS. unprotected sex with multiple HIV positive partners and many factors infect the blood with HIV. increasing the use of antiretroviral therapy is used for high-risk prevention. safe sex and testing and screening the partner for HIV infection, counseling interventions reduce the risk behavior for HIV infected persons. Disclosure of information reduces risk behavior. group and peer counseling reduce risk behavior.
Behavior changes for HIV prevention among highly active HIV persons are important it prevents exposure to their behavior. highly active prevention increase the knowledge of the person. credible host defense and antiviral therapy prevent acquisition and averting systemic infection and CD4 cell depletion.