Question

Explain problems or challenges for vaccine development..

Answer 1

Vaccine development has played a hugely important role in combating many infectious disease. Vaccines already developed have been enormously successful. Despite this success, there is still a great need for new vaccines and these are emerging far more slowly. The development of future vaccines requires solution of a number of immunologic problems, including pathogen variability, evoking functional responses, short effector memory and identification of antigens that generate protective responses.

Problems

1) Vaccines are used in the populations with less responsive immune system.

2) Lack of information on the exposure and intensity of infections of intended vaccine recipients.

3) Lack of information on immunity, corelation and inadequate preclinical data leads to the failure of vaccine in clinical trials.

4) Failure of constant updating of vaccine formulations (antigenic variations).

5) Failure of efficiency trials and inadequate access to vaccines in geographically dispersed areas with tropical disease.

6) High cost of vaccine development leads to premature abandonment in very important and effective vaccines.

7) Different response from different populations to the same vaccine because of genetic, age or environmental factors.

Challenges

1) Gaining of understanding the mechanism of action of new adjuvants and the development of a vaccine delivery system in immunocompromised populations.

2) Collection and increased use of more human samples for analysis, development of more relevant animal model for the analysis.

3) Constant monitoring of genetic variation of infectious organisms in the community.

4) More investment need in vaccine research and development of new vaccines.

5) Problem with pricing strategies in the vaccine development.