Question

In: Biology

Significant metabolic changes must occur for immune cells to be activated in response to inflammation. A....

  1. Significant metabolic changes must occur for immune cells to be activated in response to inflammation.

A. True                        B. False

  1. Cancer cells consume similar amount of energetic substrates as their normal counterpart cells do.

A. True                        B. False

  1. In C4 photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle obtains its carbon input from___.

                  A. Malate        B. Pyruvate     C. Glyoxylate

  1. Before joining the glycolysis pathway, galactose needs to be converted into?

                        A. Fructose-6-phosphate         B. Glucose-1-phosphate           

Solutions

Expert Solution

ANSWER 1. TRUE

Recent studies have indicated that shifts in tissue metabolism result from a combination of profound recruitment of inflammatory cells (neutrophils and monocytes) and high proliferation rates among lymphocyte populations . The resultant shifts in energy supply and demand can result in metabolic acidosis and diminished delivery , availablity of oxygen , leading to hypoxia extensive enough to trigger transcriptional and translation changes in tissue phenotype.

ANSWER 2. FALSE

Cancer cells are shown to experience characteristic changes in their metabolic programs , including increased uptake of glucose , enhanced rates of glutaminolysis and fatty acid synthesis, suggesting metabolic shifts supports tumor cells growth.

ANSWER 3. MALATE

In this instead of direct fixation by RuBisCo into three carbon compound , 3-phosphoglycerate. Carbon dioxide is incorporated into a four carbon organic acid (malate or aspartate)

ANSWER 4. Glucose-1 phosphate

Galactose is converted to galactose 1 phosphate by the action of galactokinase. Galactose - 1 phosphate is converted to glucose 1 phosphate by the action of uridyl transferase enzyme.


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