Summarize structural difference between hyaluronate, proteoglycans, peptideoglycans, chondroitin sulfate, and heparin

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Expert Solution

1. Hyaluronate:

Hyaluronate is unique among the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) because it does not contain any sulfate. The 1st carbon of glucoronic acid is connected with 3rd carbon of N-Acetyl glucosamine by an oxygen atom.

2. Chondroitin sulfate:

It contains sulfate group at the 4th carbon atom of N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine. The 1st carbon of D-glucoronic acid is connected with 3rd carbon of N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine by an oxygen atom.

3.Heparin:

It also contains sulfate groups. First carbon atom of D-Glucuronate 2-sulfate is connected with the 4th carbon atom of

N-sulfoglucosamine 6-sulfate.

Fig 3. Heparin

4. Proteoglycans:

The linkage of GAGs to the protein core involves a trisaccharide linker. This linker consists of Glucuronic acid, Galactose, and Xylose.

Fig4. Proteoglycans

5. Peptidoglycans:

It is made of two joined amino sugars, N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM). A pentapeptide is connected with the NAM. The pentapeptide consists of the amino acids L-alanine, D-glutamine, L-lysine, and two D-alanines.

Fig6.5. Peptidoglycans:

queen_honey_blossom answered 2 years ago

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