Question

Please Answer Both Questions with Explanation

Q1. You discovered a gene whose transcript exhibits specific subcellular localization. What would be the best starting-point approach you can take to find the sequences that confer this distinct localization pattern?

Q2. In wild-type Drosophila females and males, the presence/absence of Sxl and
Tra activities results in the creation of alternative forms of the product of the gene
Doublesex (Dsx): DsxF in females and DsxM in males. Dsx is a transcription
factor. The F-form of Dsx represses transcription of male-specific genes,
whereas the M-form represses the female-specific genes.

Answer 1

1. The amino acid pattern tells where the transcript exhibits specific subcellular localization. There is a lot of prediction tools are present in bioinformatics as input information about a protein sequence predicted location within the cell. Eg., KDEL sequence in protein will be retrieved from the Golgi apparatus by retrograde transport to the ER lumen.

2. When the X-to autosome ratio is 1 (i.e., when there are two X chromosomes per diploid cell), the Sxl gene is active, and the embryo develops into a female fly. In female determination XX:AA induces the sex lethal gene which produces a sxl protein it will further activate transformer (tra) protein which further activate double sex (dsx)
female specific protein which brings a female phenotype.

When the ratio is 0.5 (i.e., when the fly is XY with only one X chromosome per diploid cell), the Sxl gene is not active, and the embryo develops into a male In male determination XY:AA there is no induces of the sex lethal gene so there is no activation of sxl protein it will further no activation of transformer(tra) protein. But there is an
alternative splicing in double sex (dsx) gene it gives a male specific dsx protein which brings a male phenotype.