Question

Question 16 options: When giving a definition of HEMOGLOBIN, one must detail its molecular structure. Its 3 main chemical molecules are the 4 (?) chains, 4 (?) molecules and in the core of the latter, 4 elements of (?). Its main function is the transport of 2 important (?) in the body: (?) which is considered a nutrient product and (?) which is in part a waste product.

Answer 1

• Hemoglobin (Hb) is the red blood pigment,exclusively found in erythrocytes
• Normal concentration of Hb in blood in males is 14-16g/dl and in females 13-15g/dl

FORMS OF Hb::::

• Hemoglobin A (Hb A) ::: 95%--98% of hemoglobin,found in adults.It contains two alpha chains and two beta protein chains
• Hemoglobin A2 (Hb A2) :::: 2%--3% of hemoglobin,found in adults.It has two alpha chains and two delta protein chains
• Hemoglobin F (Hb F--Fetal Hb) ::::: 1%--2% of hemoglobin found in adults.It has two alpha chains and two gamma protein chains

STRUCTURE OF Hb::::::;;

• Hb is a conjugated protein
• It contain 'globin' -- the apoprotein part , and the 'heme' -- the non-protein part
• Hb is a tetrameric allosteric protein

structure of globin:

• Globin consists of four polypeptide chains of two different primary structures
• The common form of adult Hb A contain two alpha chains and two beta protein chains

structure of heme::::

• Red color of Hb is due to heme
• Heme contain a porphyrin molecule namely protoporphyrin IX with iron at the center

FUNCTIONS

• Its main function is the transport of Oxygen and Carbon dioxide
• oxygen is consider as nutrient product
• Carbon dioxide is in part of a waste product

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