Question

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Describe the entire path of the blood flow through the heart starting with blood returning to the heart from the body. Be sure to include each chamber, valve and vessel. Right and left are also important. (answer in ~250 words)

Answer 1

Answer:

The human circulatory system is of closed type which means that the blood flows within the blood vessels; the arteries and the veins. The system comprises of a heart and the associated blood vessels.

The type of the circulation we humans exhibit is the double circulation which means that from the heart at a time, the blood flows in two different directions; one towards the different body parts called as the systemic circulation and the other towards the lungs; called as the pulmonary circulation.

Human heart:

Human heart is myogenic in nature that is it is made of the cardiac muscle fibers and is not dependent directly on the nervous system.

It is four chambered and comprises of two atria and two ventricles.

Ventricles have a higher work load as compared to the atria; hence their walls are thicker.

Also, ventricles in turn need to be supported as they might get collapsed because of the heavier work pressure on them. This is done with the help of fibers named; columnae carnae. They remain suspended throughout the walls of the ventricles and thus provide them the support therefore assisting them against collapsing.

The four chambers of the human heart are the right and the left atrium, and the right and left ventricle.

The right atria and the ventricle remain separated from each other by a tricuspid valve. Similarly, the heart has a left atria and a left ventricle which remains separated from each other by a bicuspid valve also known as the mitral valve.

Blood flow within the heart:

The impure deoxygenated blood is carried from the body’s superior and inferior ends to the right atrium of the heart via the superior and inferior vena cava respectively and thus the pressure inside the right atrium increases due to which the tricuspid valve opens.

From the right atrium, the blood then enters into the right ventricle of the heart. Similarly, the pressure inside the right ventricle increases. Then from the right ventricle of the heart, the impure blood enters inside the pulmonary arteries via the semilunar valves. And the pulmonary arteries carry the deoxygenated blood till the lungs where they get exchanged with the atmosphere and become oxygenated. This type of circulation which operates itself between the lungs is called as the pulmonary circulation.

The oxygenated blood then from the alveoli of the lungs into the pulmonary veins and likewise then enters into the left atrium of the heart. Due to the left atrium getting filled with the blood from the pulmonary veins, the pressure inside them increases and hence the bicuspid valve opens. The opening of the bicuspid valve leads to the entry of the blood inside the left ventricle and likewise the pressure inside the left ventricle too then increases.

Due to an increase in the pressure within the left ventricle, the semilunar valves open and hence the blood then enters into the aorta; which is the largest artery of the body and pumps the blood which is oxygenated to the different body parts. This circulation within the tissues is called as the systemic circulation.

Additionally, also the blood supply needs to be maintained within the heart walls and the muscles which take place with the help of the coronary arteries. They supply the blood within the walls and the muscles of the heart.

Thus in this way the blood flows between the different body tissues and again it flows back to the heart and from the heart it enters the lungs for the exchange of the gases to take place.