Question

In: Psychology

please read the Two scenarios they are short around a paragraph or two in length read...

please read the Two scenarios they are short around a paragraph or two in length read each scenario and then determine Null and alternative hypthesis then do each of the following. these do not have to be long elaborate answers can be informative and assitive, as I will expand upon ideas and thoughts.

Scenario 1

No Worries Cruise Line has started receiving less customers, and they are starting to get worried as to what is happening. A corporate employee, Eddie, has been asked to look into the matter. Eddie gathered up all the contact information of everyone who went on one of their cruises for the last three years. In order to gauge differences in satisfaction, Eddie created a questionnaire, which he sent to everyone who had taken a cruise with them the last three years. He had them rate levels of happiness, relaxation, food/drink quality, and entertainment quality on scales of 1-10, with 10 being highest level. He gave anyone who completed the survey a 10.00 dollar Starbucks card. He got 3,000 responses, with 1,000 responses from each of the last three years. Eddie does not know how to statistically examine the data, so he asks you to consult him on how to examine the data. The key question that Eddie needs answered is how to determine if satisfaction levels have changed over these last few years

   i.      Summarize all information used to determine the correct statistical test (e.g., number of groups, type of data collected, independent or repeated measures)

   ii.      State what statistical test should be used (be specific).

   iii.      Provide a sample size and critical values in relation to the hypothesis (Note that you have been provided all of the needed information to determine the critical)

iiii How do the values affect the statistical analysis and how does it affect your null/alternative hypothesis.

Scenario 2

My name is Jane, and I am a licensed counselor who owns a business in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. This past year, I started a couple laughing yoga classes that combine the anxiety removing benefits of yoga with the emotional release of laughter. It has been a lot of fun and many clients love it, but a competitor has been criticizing my new approach as a sham and quackery. I am confident that my laughing yoga classes are beneficial, but I would like you to perform a study that examines the impact of my approaches from a scientific perspective. I know that science needs to be objective, so I would like you to setup a study for me as a nonbiased researcher. My thoughts are that I could give you the email addresses of clients who are willing to be in the study, and you would ask each of them questions, and then analyze the results.

            I would like you to examine two types of therapy I conduct, my laughing yoga therapy and my more traditional cognitive behavioral therapy.   I expect that 40 participants will be available from my laughing yoga classes, and that 50 participants will be available from my traditional cognitive behavioral therapy sessions. It would be nice if you asked questions related to clients’ current healthy living practices and use of positive emotions. You can determine the exact questions to ask clients. I was thinking that I would offer each participant in the study a couple free smoothie drinks at a local juice bar for participating in the research.

a.       Formulate both null and alternative hypotheses for the client, and explain why the hypotheses need to be directional or non-directional.

b.      Determine what statistical test should be used to analyze the data.

i.      Summarize all information used to determine the correct statistical test (e.g., number of groups, type of data collected, independent or repeated measures)

ii.      Provide a sample size and critical values in relation to the hypothesis.

iii.      State what statistical test should be used (be specific since you have all of the information you need to determine the critical value(s)).

i

Solutions

Expert Solution

Scenario I-

Null hypothesis for the given case will be-

There will be no significant differences on perceived happiness, relaxation, food/drink and entertainment over the last three years.

Alternative Hypothesis will be- There is a decline in the perceived happiness, relaxation, food/drink and entertainment over the last three years.

Eddie must use the data in the following manner-

  1. First he needs to define whether the respondents are 3000 different individuals or the same set or respondents who took the cruise for all the three years. If the data is same set of respondents then for the various variables- happiness, relaxation, food/drink and entertainment for repeated measures. In case the data is from different set of respondents for all three years, then he must use a t-test to make year wise comparisons for each year on the variables. Type of data collected will be on interval scale, so parametric test may be used for statistically analyzing the data.
  2. t-test must be used to compare the variables for the three years respectively. The data will be of three groups with 1000 respondents each year.
  3. Hypothesis must be tested at .05 level of significance. If the obtained t- value is above the t-value at .05 level of significance, the null hypothesis has to be rejected.

Scenario II-

  1. The Null Hypothesis will be-

There will be no significant difference in the anxiety faced and emotions experienced by participants who undergo laughter yoga sessions.

Alternate Hypothesis will be-

There will be a significant difference in anxiety and emotional outbursts of patients undergoing laughter yoga treatment than those who undergo cognitive behavioral treatment by the counselor.

In the given case alternative hypothesis is directional in nature. A non-directional hypothesis could also be formulated which would have talked about differences and no differences. In the given scenario a directional hypothesis will suit more purpose because a comparison of two types of therapeutic interventions is made.

  1. i) t-test may be used for making comparisons between two groups- CBT and laughter yoga group for the test variables- anxiety and emotional expression.

ii) two groups- one yoga and the other CBT will be taken for the study. There will be 40 participants in yoga and 40 particpants in CBT group may be there.

iii) use of t-test is recommended.


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