Question

Case Study:

Grand Hospital is located in a somewhat rural area of a Midwestern state. It is a 209-bed, community, not-for-profit entity offering a broad range of inpatient and outpatient services. Employing approximately 1,600 individuals (1,250 full-time equivalent personnel), and having medical staff of more than 225 practitioners, Grand has an annual operating budget that exceeds $130 million, possesses net assets of more than $150 million, and is one of only a small number of organizations in this market with an A credit rating from Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s and Fitch Ratings. Operating in a remarkably competitive market (there are roughly 100 hospitals within seventy-five minutes’ driving time of Grand), the organization is one of the few in the region-proprietary or not-for-profit-that have consistently realized positive operating margins. Grand attends on an annual basis to the health care needs of more than 11,000 inpatients and 160,000 outpatients, addressing more than 36 percent of its primary service area’s consumption of hospital services. In expansion mode and currently in the midst of $57 million in construction and renovation projects, the hospital is struggling to recruit physicians, both to meet the health care needs of the expanding population of the service area and to succeed retiring physicians.

Grand has been an early adopter of health care information systems and currently employs a proprietary health care information system that provides (among other components)

- Patient registration and revenue management

- Electronic health records with computerized physician order entry

- Imaging via a PACS

- Laboratory management

- Pharmacy management

Information Systems Challenge

Since 1995, Grand Hospital has transitioned from being an institution that consistently received many more inquiries than could be accommodated concerning physician practice opportunities, to a hospital at which the average age of the medical staff has increased by eight years. There is a widespread perception among physicians that because of such factors as high malpractice insurance costs, an absence of substantive tort reform, and the comparatively unfavorable rates of reimbursement being paid physician specialists by the region’s major health insurer, this region constitutes a “physician unfriendly” venue in which to establish a practice. Consequently, a need exists for Grand to investigate and evaluate creative approaches to enhancing its physician coverage for certain specialty services. These potential approaches include the effective implementation of information technology solutions.

The findings and conclusions of a medical staff development plan, which has been endorsed and accepted by Grand’s medical executive committee and board of trustees, have indicated that because of needs and circumstances specific to the institution, the first areas of medical practice on which Grand should focus in approaching this challenge are radiology, behavioral health crisis intervention services, and intensivist physician services. In the area of radiology, Grand needs qualified and appropriately credentialed radiologists available to interpret studies 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. Similarly, it needs qualified and appropriately credentialed psychiatrists available on a 24/7 basis to assess whether behavioral health patients who present in the hospital’s emergency room are a danger to themselves or to others, as defined by state statute, and whether these patients should be released or committed against their will for further assessment on an inpatient basis. Finally, in as much as Grand is a community hospital that relies on its voluntary medical staff to attend to the needs of patients admitted by staff members such as some ED personnel, it also needs to have intensivist physicians available around the clock to assist in assessing and treating patients during times when members of the voluntary attending staff are not present within or immediately available to the intensive care unit.

The leadership at Grand Hospital is investigating the potential application of telemedicine technologies to address the organization’s need for enhanced physician coverage in radiology, behavioral health, and critical care medicine.

For this case study report, focus on the below areas as you apply relevant concepts to this particular case.

- What are the ways in which Grand's early adoption of other health care information system technologies might affect its adoption of telemedicine solutions?

- How might an early adoption make the transition to telemedicine easier?

- What do you see as the most likely barriers to the success of telemedicine in the areas of radiology, behavioral health, and intensive care?

- Which barriers will be the most difficult to overcome? Why?

- Which of these areas would be the hardest to transition into telemedicine? Why?

- Which of these areas do you think would be the easiest to transition into telemedicine? Why?

Answer 1

1 Relative advantage leads to rapid adoption.if the former adoptions of health care information systems were successful. In any health care organizations be it Grands or anyone it is extremely important for various IT systems to communicate with each other .Inorder for the health cae organizations to adopt telemedicine technology it is imperative for different systems used by these organisations to interact witheach other smoothlyAdoption of telemedicine is hindered because of lack of interoperability standards

2 The early adoption of health care information system is useful because it helps the individual to get easily acquainted with the technology.Another thing is that it helps in forming afavourable or unfavourable opinion about thenew technology.After the initial adoption it leads to implementation of the technology.

3 in some cases practicioners may need a full liscence in both the state they live and the state where the patient resides.Fully qualified and credentialled health care personnels are necessary for doing telemedicine services in these departments.As the cost of getting the liscencure requires an exorbitant amount.

4 The key institutional issue that impedes telemedicine adoption is non-standard reimbursement policies among payers. Patient health information is very sensitive and is important to keep it safe and secureThe transmission of health information through the internet raises concerns about privacy and safety issues and is one of the barriers which is difficult to overcome.

5Behavioural health is harder to for telehealth services to acess due to the availability of patient data in limited numbers.They can easily review the data and identify early warning signs for behaviour health concerns.But clinical acess to data is minimal 6 Radiology is one of the biggest drivers of telemedicine technology ,as it can be easily implemrented in hospitals through speech recognition software ,PACS picture archiving and communication system and Radiology information system.