Question

Carolyn Nesbitt, the CEO of Macrocorp, is considering a project to expand the existing business into a new product line that involves considerable up-front investments in new equipment as well as an initial investment in net operating working capital. Her executives’ cash flow projections are fairly aggressive with $500 M in sales at the end of the first year increasing by 5% annually for the next five years. Cost of goods sold is expected to be $250M in the first year, increasing by 6% annually for the next five years. The initial equipment costs $1,500M and its salvage value in five years is $750 M. Annual depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method (e.g. an equal amount each year based on the salvage value in five years). The initial investment in net operating working capital is $300M, which Carolyn thinks she can redeploy elsewhere in the firm after five years. After five years, it is expected that the technology will be obsolete. Carolyn expects to pay taxes at a corporate rate of 25%.

Carolyn is considering whether to take on the project, as well as how to finance it. Her chief financial officer is proposing to borrow $800 M to finance the equipment and investment in net operating working capital. If the firm borrows to finance the project, its leverage ratio (defined as the ratio of total debt to total assets) would be approximately 53%. The current cost of debt for a five-year bond with principal repayment in five years is 6%.

Were the firm to finance the project entirely with equity, the expected return to its investors would be 7.5%.

Part A

What is the net present value of the project if it is all equity financed? Should Carolyn take on the project under this financing scenario? Explain why.

Part B

Suppose now that Carolyn adopts her CFO’s plan to finance the project with $800M in debt. Calculate the NPV of the project using the APV method. Should Carolyn take on the project? Explain why.

Part C

Calculate the NPV of the project using the WACC method, assuming that CFO’s plan to finance with debt is adopted.

Part D

Calculate the NPV of the project using the FTE method, assuming that the CFO’s plan to finance with debt is adopted.

Answer 1

Depreciation= (1500-750)/5= 150

	Year 1	Year 2	Year 3	Year 4	Year 5
Sales	500	=500*1.05=525	525*1.05= 551	551*1.05= 579	579*1.05= 608
Cost of goods sold	250	=250*1.06=265	265*1.06=281	281*1.06=298	298*1.06=316
Depreciation	150	150	150	150	150
PBT	0	110	120	131	142
Taxes	0	27.5	30	33	35.5
PAT	0	82.5	90	98	106.5

Part A: All equity financed

=-1800+1023= -777

Since the project NPV is negative, Carolyn should not take on this project

Part B:

Adjusted Present value= NPV of total equity financing+ PV of debt financing benefits

PV of debt financing benefits= 0.25 tax rate* (800 debt *0.06 cost of debt) / (1-(1/1.06))

=212

Therefore APV= -777+212= -565

Since the project NPV is negative, Carolyn should not take on this project

Part C:

WACC= 0.53*0.06*(1-0.25)+ 0.47*0.075= 0.0591

=-1800+1095= -705

Since the project NPV is negative, Carolyn should not take on this project