Question

43 Inferential statistics, or hypothesis testing (i.e., t-tests, ANOVA, etc.), involves a comparison between which two elements?

• A. Research results from a sample and hypotheses about a population.
• B. Research results from a population and hypotheses about a sample.
• C. Research results from a sample and hypotheses about a sample.
• D. Research results from a population and hypotheses about a population.

4

A researcher wants to examine the effectiveness of different types of classroom instruction on students’ test performance. He designed two types of instruction for two different samples of students. Afterwards, both samples were given the same performance test and the test averages were compared. What statistical test should be used by the researcher to analyze the results of this study?

• A. t-test for repeated measures (dependent samples).
• B. One-factor ANOVA for independent samples.
• C. t-test for independent samples.
• D. Pearson Correlation

5 Dr. P assessed the relationship between the cost of different bottles of wine and the tastiness of the wine. Using a Pearson correlation test, the results of the study were r = -.32, n = 14, p >.05. Based on these results, which of the following is a correct conclusion.

• A. There is no significant correlation between the cost and tastiness of wine.
• B. There is a significant positive correlation between the cost and tastiness of wine.
• C. There is a significant negative correlation between the cost and tastiness of wine.
• D. Cannot be determined without additional information.

6 A researcher conducted a study and analyzes the data using an independent samples t-test. The results of the t-test were t(38) = 3.45, p <.05 and Cohen’s d = 0.80. Based on these results, which of the following would be a correct conclusion?

• A. There was a significant difference, with a small effect size.
• B. There was a significant difference, with a large effect size.
• C. There was no significant difference, with a small effect size.
• D. There was no significant difference, with a large effect size.

7

Which of the following is an accurate definition of Type I error in hypothesis testing?

• A. Failing to reject a true null hypothesis.
• B. Failing to reject a false null hypothesis.
• C. Rejecting a true null hypothesis.
• D. Rejecting a false null hypothesis.

8 A researcher used a sample of n=200 students to determine whether there are any significant differences in preference for five new exercise apps. Each participant was asked to upload and try each app and select his/her favorite. The number of students who favor each app was recorded. In order to test if there are any significant differences in preference for the new exercise apps, what statistical test should be used by the researcher?

• A. Two-factor ANOVA for independent samples.
• B. t-test for independent samples.
• C. Chi-Square test for Goodness of Fit.
• D. Chi-Square test for Independence.
• E. One-factor ANOVA for independent samples.
• F. Pearson correlation.

9 A research article reports the following: “The mean performance scores for Normal Sleep, Reduced Sleep, and No Sleep groups were 23.0, 16.6, and 11.6 respectively, F(2, 36) = 4.95, p < .05.” Based on this information, which conclusion is most accurate?

• A. There are some significant differences in performance among people who differ in amount of sleep.
• B. There are no significant differences in performance among people who differ in amount of sleep.
• C. People who sleep a reduced amount perform significantly worse than people who sleep a normal amount.
• D. People who get no sleep perform significantly worse than those who sleep a reduced amount.

50 Which of the following research examples could use a t-test for dependent samples (i.e., t- repeated-measures) for data analysis?

• A. A comparison of participants’ scores on attention focus test before and after attending a training session that was expected to improve the attention focus skill.
• B. A comparison of scores of participants in a memory study in which one group is assigned to learn the words in alphabetical order and another group is assigned to read the words in order of length of the word.
• C. A comparison of SAT scores of a group of 10 students who completed a special SAT preparation course compared to how people score on the SAT in general.
• D. None of the above.

Answer 1