Question

Income Statements under Absorption and Variable Costing

Shawnee Motors Inc. assembles and sells MP3 players. The company began operations on August 1 and operated at 100% of capacity during the first month. The following data summarize the results for August:

Sales (20,000 units)				$2,200,000
Production costs (26,000 units):
Direct materials		$1,058,200
Direct labor		507,000
Variable factory overhead		254,800
Fixed factory overhead		169,000		1,989,000
Selling and administrative expenses:
Variable selling and administrative expenses		$308,300
Fixed selling and administrative expenses		119,300		427,600

If required, round interim per-unit calculations to the nearest cent.

a. Prepare an income statement according to the absorption costing concept.

Shawnee Motors Inc.
Absorption Costing Income Statement
For the Month Ended August 31
Sales	$
Cost of goods sold
Gross profit	$
Selling and administrative expenses
Income from operations	$

a. Under absorption costing, the cost of goods manufactured includes direct materials, direct labor, and factory overhead costs. Both fixed and variable factory costs are included as part of factory overhead.

Learning Objective 1.

b. Prepare an income statement according to the variable costing concept.

Shawnee Motors Inc.
Variable Costing Income Statement
For the Month Ended August 31
Sales		$
Variable cost of goods sold
Manufacturing margin		$
Variable selling and administrative expenses
Contribution margin		$
Fixed costs:
Fixed factory overhead	$
Fixed selling and administrative expenses
Total fixed costs
Income from operations		$

c. What is the reason for the difference in the amount of income from operations reported in (a) and (b)?

Under the absorption costing method, the fixed manufacturing cost included in the cost of goods sold is matched with the revenues. Under variable costing , all of the fixed manufacturing cost is deducted in the period in which it is incurred, regardless of the amount of inventory change. Thus, when inventory increases, the absorption costing income statement will have a higher income from operations than will the variable costing income statement.

Answer 1

SOLUTION

(A) Unit product cost = $1,989,000 / 26,000 = $76.50

Income statement-

Particulars	Amount ($)
Sales	2,200,000
Cost of goods sold ($76.50*20,000)	(1,530,000)
Gross profit	670,000
Selling and administrative expense	(427,600)
Income from operations	242,400

(B) Units product cost = (1,058,200+507,000+254,800) / 26,000 = $70

Income statement-

Particulars	Amount ($)	Amount ($)
Sales		2,200,000
Variable cost of goods sold (20,000*$70)		(1,400,000)
Manufacturing margin		800,000
Variable selling and administrative expense		(308,300)
Contribution margin		491,700
Less: Fixed costs-
Fixed factory overhead	169,000
Fixed selling and administrative expenses	119,300
Total fixed costs		(288,300)
Income from operations		203,400

(C) Difference is due to the part of fixed manufacturing cost related to ending inventory-

Particulars	Amount ($)
Income under variable costing	203,400
Add: Difference in fixed manufacturing overhead (26,000-20,000)*6.50	39,000
Income under absorption costing	242,400