Question

 

4) determine rates and measure intervals and complexes

5) Descuss rules and identifying characteristics of sinus rhythms, atrial rhythms, Junctional rhythms, atrio-ventricular blocks, ventricular rhythms, asystole and paced rhythms

Answer 1

4.a. Rate：

in Electro cardiogramfirst we have to know the rate is regular or irregular. if it is regular （to find regularity just measure the distance between the each R-wave）then count the number of large box in between the consecutive R-wave then divided with 300. ex- 300/2= 150 is the heart rate

so it is a condition of tachycardia.

if the heart rate is irregular then count the number R-wave falls in between 30 large box and multiply it with 10. ex-10x8=80 is the heart rate

so it is a condition of bradycardia. as the normal heart is 60-100 b/min

b. intetvals：

in ECG we will find 2 intervals. first is P-R interval which is formed due to delay in transmitting of impulse from atrial to ventricular filling. and second one is S-T segment which is formed during delaying in atrial repolarisation or atrial relaxation.

c. complex：

in ECG we will find QRS complex which is formed due to ventricular depolarisation or contraction.

5.a. sinus rhythim：

in sinus rhythms every QRS wave will followed by P-wave. it denotes the beginning of cardiac muscle depolarisation.

b. atrial rhythm：

here the impulse is not started from SA node but from different parts and the transmit to AV node. here P- wave is present but it is structurally different from normal.

c. junctional rhythm：

here the impulse is transmitted from a point of atrio ventricular node at the junction of atria and ventricle.

d. atrio ventricular blocks：

the normal conduction of heart from atria to ventricle is impaired. it is otherwise known as heart block. it is of three types. in first degree heart block the PR interval is more than 0.2sec. in second degree heart block the PRinterval is gradually increase and suddenly drops. in third degree heart block ther is no association between Pwave and QRS complex and the heart impulse transmission stop which is otherwise known as complete heart block

e. ventricular rhythm：

here P-wave remain absent that means no atrial depolarisation. most common case which we fond is ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrilation. which require CPR （cardio pulmonary resuscitation）.

f. asystole：

in this ECG will give a straight line no wave formation because of no electical ompulse transmission inside heart. this condition is also require CPR.

g. paced rhythm：

it is a type of rhythm founds when the patient having pacemaker.