Question

In: Chemistry

What is the valence electron shell configuration of elements producing colorless ions? What is the outer...

What is the valence electron shell configuration of elements producing colorless ions? What is the outer shell electron configuration of the ions themselves? And what is unique about the electron configuration of colorless ions?

Expert Solution

Sol :-

Metal ion with d electrons (from1 to 9) are colored due to d-d transition.

In the 3d series, metal ions those have incomplete d- orbitals are colored.

In contrast metal of s and p blocks are colorless.

In Sodium nitrate, metal is Na ( alkali metal) , its charge is +1. As oxidation state of nitrate ion ( NO₃^-¹)= -1

# Electronic configuration of Na and Na⁺ is

₁₁Na ; 1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹

₁₁Na⁺ : 1s²2s²2p⁶

No vacent d orbital , hence colorless.

# Lithium nitrate , metal ion is Li⁺ ( alkali metal ion).

Electronic configuration of Li and Li⁺ is

₃Li ; 1s²2s¹

₃Li⁺ ; 1s²

no d-d transition is possible hence colorless.

# In Nickel(II) nitrate, metal ion is Ni²⁺

Electronic configuration of Ni and Ni²⁺ ion

₂₈Ni ; 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d⁸4s²

₂₈Ni²⁺; 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d⁸

As, empty d- orbital is present, Ni(II) salts are colored.

# In Copper (II) nitrate

Metal ion is Cu²⁺

Electronic configuration of Cu and Cu²⁺ is

₂₉Cu ; 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s¹

₂₉Cu²⁺; 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d⁹

empty d orbital is present , hence Cu( II) salts are colored.

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