/* 
Complete this javascript file according to the individual instructions
given in the comments. */

//1) Create an Object using an Object Literal (the easiest way)
// Name your object Breakfast
// Your object should have 3 key:value pairs
// The three keys should be: breakfast, lunch, dinner
// Put your food choice for each as the value




// 2) Display the keys of your Breakfast object in the 
// console. We have learned two ways to do this.. either 
// works here!




// 3) With the object you created above, use dot notation to change 
// the value of the lunch property to "grilled cheese".
// Add a method to your object named "digIn" that returns "Chomp!"
// Call the method on the Breakfast object and send the output 
// to the console.




// 4) Create an object constructor named Pizza.
// Pizza should require a parameter called size.
// size should be a property of Pizza.
//
// Create a new Pizza called LargePizza and 
// pass "large" as the parameter of the new Pizza.
// Next, add a slices property to your LargePizza object. 
// Set the slices equal to 12.
//
// Finally, create a child object of LargePizza named 
// Hawaiian. Add a property called toppings to Hawaiian. 
// Set the toppings equal to an array with these values: 
// green peppers, pineapple, canadian bacon
//
// Send the slices property of Hawaiian to the console
// Send Hawaiian's full array property of toppings to 
// the console also.




// 5) With the objects created in Problem #4,  
// utilize prototype to add a method to the Pizza constructor.
// Name the method bake and have it return "Ready in 10 minutes!" 
// 
// Create another child object of LargePizza named 
// TacoPizza. Call the bake method on TacoPizza and 
// log the result to the console.

In a language of your own choosing, write a computer program that takes as input a decimal (base 10) floating point number, and converts this number into a binary floating-point representation. The binary floating-point representation should consist of 1 bit for the sign of the significand; 8 bits for the biased exponent; and 23 bits for the significand. In addition to program source code, provide a screenshot showing the tasks identified below.

1. Provide an output that shows your input decimal floating-point values.

2. Demonstrate that your program works in the following input cases by showing the output in the form of 32 bits including sign bit, biased exponent, and significand:

1. 1. Small exponent value.
   2. Large exponent value.
   3. Negative exponent value.
2. 4. Negative significand.

In c++, write a program that reads a string consisting of a positive integer or a positive decimal number and converts the number to the numeric format. If the string consists of a decimal number, the program must use a stack to convert the decimal number to the numeric format.

Remarks: In all algorithm, always explain how and why they work. If not by a proof, at least by a clear explanation. ALWAYS, analyze the running time complexity of your algorithms. In all algorithms, always try to get the fastest possible. A correct algorithm with slow running time may not get full credit. Do not write a program. Write pseudo codes or explain in words

Question 2: 1. Show how to implement a Queue by a Priority Queue. What is the run time per operation? 2. Show how to implement a Stack using Priority Queue. What is the run time per operation?

Remarks: In all algorithm, always explain how and why they work. If not by a proof, at least by a clear explanation. ALWAYS, analyze the running time complexity of your algorithms. In all algorithms, always try to get the fastest possible. A correct algorithm with slow running time may not get full credit. Do not write a program. Write pseudo codes or explain in words

Question 3: Give a data structure that implements a Min-Heap and the command M ax(S) that returns the maximum in the heap. Try and make the last operation as fast as possible.

Assume that aa = "11", bb = "22", m = 5 and n = 7. How do the following two statements differ?

System.out.println(aa + bb + m + n);

System.out.println(m + n + aa + bb);

Explain your answers in details. Only clear explanations will be given marks.

C++ OOP

•Write a program that evaluates a postfix expression (assume it’s valid) such as

6 2 + 5 * 8 4 / -

•The program should read a postfix expression consisting of digits and operators into a string.

•The algorithm is as follows:

1.While you have not reached the end of the string, read the expression from left to right.

–If the current character is a digit, Push its integer value onto the stack (the integer value of a digit character is its value in the computer’s character set minus the value of '0' in the computer’s character set).

–Otherwise, if the current character is an operator, Pop the two top elements of the stack into variables x and y.

–Calculate y operator x.

–Push the result of the calculation onto the stack.

2.When you reach the end of the string, pop the top value of the stack. This is the result of the postfix expression.

–[Example: In Step 2 above, if the operator is '/', the top of the stack is 2 and the next element in the stack is 8, then pop 2 into x, pop 8 into y, evaluate 8 / 2 and push the result, 4, back onto the stack. This note also applies to operator '–'.]

–The arithmetic operations allowed in an expression are

•+ addition

•– subtraction

•* multiplication

•/ division

•^ exponentiation

•% modulus

•[Note: We assume left-to-right associativity for all operators for the purpose of this exercise.] The stack should be maintained with stack nodes that contain an int data member and a pointer to the next stack node. You may want to provide the following functional capabilities:

a.function evaluatePostfixExpression that evaluates the postfix expression

b.function calculate that evaluates the expression (op1 operator op2)

c.function push that pushes a value onto the stack

d.function pop that pops a value off the stack

e.function isEmpty that determines if the stack is empty

f.function printStack that prints the stack

SAMPLE OUTPUT:

INPUT POSTFIX NOTATION: 23+2*

INFIX NOTATION: (2+3)*2

RESULT: 10

Write a python code that calculates π using numpy rand function.

The ( ) method will be called if a method is called from within a subclass that overrides a super class method.

In Java the (          ) keyword is used to prevent changes being made to a variable.

The property of ( ) refers to the ability of an object to take on many forms.

In Java, a character constant’s value is its integer value in the ( ) character set.

An interface requires each of the interface’s methods to be ( ) or declared abstract.

The (    ) statement forces an exception object to be generated.

Through the process of (    ) , a programmer hides all but the relevant data about an object in order to reduce complexity and increase efficiency.

Re-implementing an inherited method in a subclass to perform a different task from the parent class is called (    ) .

In a class definition, the special method that is called to create an instance of that class is known as a/an ( ) .

In Java, objects are passed as ( ) addresses.

List of words to choose from

Double, literal, overriding, bytecode, implemented, polymorphism, subclass, catch, protected, throws, constructor, interface, unicode, inheritance, int, overloading, memory, class, string, private, throw, main, extends, final, string literal, runtime, abstraction, prublic, jvm

Modify the bellow program by using only system calls to perform the task. These

system calls are open,read,write, and exit .Use text and binary files to test your programs.

#include <stdio.h>

void main(int argc,char **argv)

{

FILE *fp1, *fp2;

char ch, buf[20], *pos;

int n;

pos = buf;

if ((fp1 = fopen(argv[1],"r")) == NULL)

{

puts("File cannot be opened");

exit(1);

}

fp2 = fopen(argv[2], "w");

while ((n = fread(pos, sizeof(char), 20, fp1)) == 20)

{

fwrite(pos, sizeof(char), 20, fp2);

}

fwrite(pos, sizeof(char), n, fp2);

fclose(fp1);

fclose(fp2);

exit(0);

}

1. What is an enumerated type in C? Define such a type (called chess_value) to store the

   possible values of a chess piece – pawn, rook, knight, bishop, queen and king.

2. Create a structure called struct piece to store a chess piece. This structure should have two fields, one of which is the value of the piece, and should be of the enumerated type

   defined in Q4. The second field is colour, which should be either 1 (white) or 0 (black).

3. Define an 8x8 array of "struct piece" pointers that can be used to model a chessboard. Each element of the array is pointer to a piece structure, that is either NULL if the square is empty or points to a relevant piece structure if it isn’t. Use malloc to allocate and setup both King pieces on the board. The white king should be placed in row 1, column 5, and the black king in row 8, column 5. You should leave all other squares as NULL.

Write a C++ program to play the dice game "Craps". Craps is one of the most popular games of chance and is played in casinos and back alleys throughout the world. The rules of the game are straightforward:

A player rolls two dice. Each die has six faces. These faces contain 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 spots. After the dice have come to rest, the sum of the spots on the two upward faces is calculated. If the sum is 7 or 11 on the first throw, the player wins. If the sum is 2, 3, or 12 on the first throw (called "craps"), the player loses (i.e. the "house" wins). If the sum is 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 10 on the first throw, then the sum becomes the player's "point." To win, you must continue rolling the dice until you "make your point." The player loses by rolling a 7 before making the point.

At a minimum, your solution must contain the functions below.

• void displayGameRules()

  • Open rules.txt file and read the rules from the file.
  • Display the rules to the screen.
  • Close the file
  • NOTE: Using Notepad, create a rules.txt file within your project folder and copy and paste the rules inside the file.

• int rollOneDice()

  • NOTE: This function simulates rolling one dice
  • Generate random integer number from 1 to 6
  • return the random number

• int rollTwoDice()

  • NOTE: This function simulates rolling two dice
  • Calls rollOneDice() function twice to get two random values
  • Print to the console "Sum: 6 (Die1: 4 Die2: 2)" where 4 is the value of the first dice and 2 is the value of the second dice and 6 is the sum of both dice.
  • return the sum.

Write a program that implements craps according to the above rules. Additionally:

• When the program first begins, show the user the rules of Craps.
• Before each initial throw of the dice, prompt the user to ask him/her to keep playing or quit. Gameplay ends when the user chooses to quit or runs out of money.
• Your program should allow for wagering before each roll. This means that you need to prompt the user for an initial bank balance from which wagers will be added or subtracted.
  • Validate the initial bank balance entered by the user greater than zero. If the initial bank balance is not greater than zero, then inform the user and re-prompt.
• Before each roll prompt the user for a wager. This includes rolls when the user is trying to make their point. Wagers must be less than or equal to the available bank balance.
  • The available bank balance is based on the accumulation of the previous wagers this game.
• Once a game is lost or won, the bank balance should be adjusted.
• Additional wagering details include:
  • Require the user to enter a non-zero wager for the first roll. Allow the user to enter a wager of 0 for subsequent “point” rolls.
  • Validate that the user’s wager is within the limits of the player's available balance. If the wager exceeds the player's available balance, then inform the user and re-prompt.