Consider a study design in which we have collected multiple
response measurements at each value of the predictor. Suppose we
have ni observed responses at each value of xi, indexed by i=1,…,m,
and yij corresponds to the j-th observation on the response,
j=1,…,ni for the i-th value of the predictor. This means we have m
unique predictor values, and ni response measurements for each of
the m values of the predictor. In this situation, it is possible to
create a...