In: Chemistry
Planck’s theoretical expression for the frequency distribution of blackbody radiation is R(ν) =[2πh/c2] [ν3/ehν/kT – 1]. By fitting experimental blackbody radiation curves using this equation, Planck not only obtained a value for h, but also obtained the first reasonably accurate values for k, NA and the proton charge e. Explain how Planck obtained values for these constants.
Ans-
the Black body radiation, the solar constant, the Planck's law and Wein's exists not only at zo but at every point z in some neighborhood.
First, we consider the properties of waves in a box and work out
an expression for the radiation
spectrum in thermal equilibrium at temperature T.
idermined itselecriofieldamplitude 1E1 and can. slmdescribed by
...retie field amplitude. B. The huensky (the incident pwer per mdt
area) of m)eleevoduenetic wave is I= awe (3.2a) nod Ole power.
transmitted througn Me asea A with . nonnal unit)netor thy_J
13.21)
th t wa,,v;ectork v“,0 cloud cavity al...nearly MI radiation
entering .nsity andimensirydepend on.square of Meelemrie field
amplitude E. They are Cannata]. funm•ons of .E and of Me space
coordinates inside the radiation kla. aPProxinamelY bY • el..
eavitY with absor-The classical electromagnetic wave also h. bins
walls nada mud no...morale walls 1.g.3.0. nmomemum.mt, lmornemum
per unit volume), If the area JA of this hole is very small
compared to the area A of the inner walls, radiation passing from
en,.4 (3.20 oursidc On-ought. hole imo.caviry has a negligible
chance to leave caviry again. ie.. it is completely described by
the pointing vector 2= roc(13 8). a tworhal. meens.st the
alnorption of Tk hole is where the amount of
When Me was of Me co)* art heated to a tem-131= aocE" (3.—' permute
> where T. is Me temperarom of equals Me intensity of be wave.
surrounding. the hok nets radiation source with an An important
quantity is the spectral intensity L MM ts larger Man Mat of mY
other 1,Vm=s) with same temperature, f an Janonsina. by a sim-pie
experiment. Into one side of a solid graphite el. dm letter appear)
much darker than MsummuMnps,but `-) at higher temperatures (about
1000 it amean bright where /,(mdt, gives . incident power density
within Yellow ona daM led mumunding. mems thm m )peetral imenral
All these results can derived from Maxwell's equations and the
continuity equation. which describes
H
the radiation emitted by a hot blackbody. which WM. Ch.M. in die
lollowinrection.
H
3.1.1 Blackbody Radiation aa-rs lectern into ...Wm ea. ave...
soMrpt'"iion'LI 'A.2.1MI)is cellednble'lMotrIt(ei'an' '1); ru onY
:pear '11 right 'no r Air " " "