Question

1. Which of the following vapours/air pollutants contributes most to non-tobacco-smoking lung cancer?
   a) asbestos.
   b) vinyl chloride.
   c) benzene.
   d) products of incomplete combustion.
   e) formaldehyde.
   
2. Estimated daily intake (EDI) is based on which of the following?
   a) metabolic rate.
   b) daily intake.
   c) substance concentration in a food item.
   d) body mass index.
   e) concentration of substance in a food item and daily intake.

Answer 1

a)Asbestos cancers are caused by inhaling or swallowing microscopic asbestos fibers which causes mesothelioma (asbestos cancer),  lung cancer, ovarian cancer and cancer of the voice box. Asbestos exposure is the primary cause of about 4% of lung cancer.

b)vinyl chloride is a known carcinogen wherein workers who have breath vinyl chloride over many years show an increased risk of liver, brain, , and some cancers of the blood

c) benzene is a carcinogen which  causes acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

d) the products of incomplete combustion causes cancer of skin, scrotum, bladder and esophagus

e)Formaldehyde causes cancer like leukemia, rare cancer of paranasal air sinus

so correct answer is a) asbestos

The estimated daily intake (EDI) by definition is the presumed daily consumption of a nutrient or chemical residue

So the EDI is based on concentartion of a substance in a food item and daily intake

the EDI is calculated as,

  

Where, C= concentration of chemical (heavy metal) in the food item

Cons = daily average consumption of the food item

Bw= body weight

so the correct answer is e) concentartion of a substance in a food item and daily intake