e) State any four (4) limitations of per capita RGDP as a measure of welfare.

Briefly describe the median voter model. When does voting lead to economically inefficient outcomes? Why are individuals more likely to act irrationally when it comes to voting relative to private consumption choices?

What are the principal objectives of human resource analysis? Why is human resources analysis important.

Describe the balance of payments of how international transactions are calculated. What are the problems with focusing too much in the magnitude of trade deficits in goods and services? What additional economic measures should be taken into consideration to diagnose any economic problems?

Provide 400 words to evaluate the importance of free trade agreements as well as the role the economy plays in creating global poverty when international companies focus on bottom line profits.

The Federal Government distributed a recovery relief fund to all households with $600 for all individuals filing and $1,200 for all households filing jointly and $500 for each children in each household. This was part of the $2.2 Trillion stimulus package under CARES Act of March 2020 that also included employee job protection plan for small business owners and restaurants, travel related businesses, unemployment insurances and households with no taxes filed. What would be the overall impact on AD of this recovery relief fund caused by COVID19 public health crisis and its effect on change in real GDP? Assume that the Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) for all American consumers is 0.8 in March 2020. Explain your answer briefly as well in your own words. Make sure you use your understanding of the concept of expenditure multiplier in estimating this problem

How did the lack of consumer products in Eastern European countries contribute to the collapse of communism? Explain. ( around 250 words )

CASE: Boeing and Airbus Are in a Dogfight over Illegal Subsides

            Boeing and Airbus are the dominant players in the global market for large commercial jet aircraft of 100 seats or more. The two companies are locked in a rent less battle for market share. For decades, these two companies have been accusing each other of benefitting from the government subsidies. In its early years, Airbus received 100 percent of the funds it needed to develop new aircraft from the governments of four European countries where Airbus’ operations were based: Germany, France, Spain, and the United Kingdom. These funds were provided in the form of loans at below-market interest rates. For its part, Airbus claimed the Boeing has long been the recipient of R&D grants form the U.S. Department of Defense and NASA, which amount to indirect subsides. The two companies reached an agreement on phasing out subsidies back in 1992, but Boeing walked away from that deal in 2004, claiming that Airbus was still benefiting from billions in illegal development subsidies.

            In 2006, the U.S. government filed a case with the World Trade Organization (WTO) alleging that Airbus had received $25 billion in illegal subsidies, mostly in the form of launch aid for developing new aircraft. In 2010, the WTO ruled that Airbus had benefited from $18 billion in illegal government subsidies, including $15 billion in launch aid. The WTO gave the European governments until December 2011 to remove the harmful effects of the subsidies.

            In September 2016, the WTO issued another ruling criticizing the Europeans for failing to comply with its 2010 ruling and, moreover, for giving another $5 billion to Airbus in the form of noncommercial loans to help develop its latest aircraft, the A350. In this latest ruling, the WTO stated that “it is apparent that the A350 could not have been launched and brought market in the absence of launch aid.” In total, the WTO calculated that Boeing had lost 104 wide-bodied jet orders and 271 narrow-bodied jet orders as a result of Airbus launch subsidies. This latest ruling opens the door for the United States to apply retaliatory trade sanctions against noncompliant European governments.

            However, it seems unlikely that the United States will apply retaliatory sanctions anytime soon. Part of the reason is the United States itself has been countersued by the EU through the WTO for providing illegal subsidies to Boeing. In November 2016, the WTO ruled that Boeing would receive around $5.7 billion in illegal tax breaks from Washington State, where Boeing’s main production facilities are located. The state of Washington had promised to give Boeing these tax breaks between 2020 and 2040 on the condition that the company kept to production of the wings for the wide-bodied 777X aircraft in the state. According to Airbus, these tax breaks give 777X an unfair advantage against its rival aircraft, an assessment that the WTO seems to agree with.

            It remains to be seen what the final outcome will be. The WTO has yet to rule on how much damage Boeing’s tax breaks might impose upon Airbus. For its part, Boeing claims that the benefits from the subsidies to the 777X program only amount to $50 million a year, an assessment that Airbus vigorously disagrees with. The EU appealed this decision. A final ruling isn’t expected until at least 2018.

Analyze the case and answer the following questions:

QUESTION 1: According to WTO rulings, both Airbus and Boeing have been recipients of government assistance at one point or another. Discuss the nature of aircraft manufacturing and why subsidies are seemingly part of the industry practice.

QUESTION 2: In its early years, Airbus received subsidies for 100 percent of its development costs. Discuss this situation. Is there a time when subsidies should be considered acceptable? Why or why not?

QUESTION 3: Boeing is expected to benefit from some $5.7 billion in tax breaks from the state of Washington. Why is the state of Washington willing to provide these tax breaks to Boeing?

Describe the significance of Reconstruction and the future of the United States. Thank you!

Write an essay on Child marriage as a bad thing. 1500 words

Suppose you invest $10,000 into a fund paying 3.6% annual interest. How much will you have after 5 years is the interest is compounded:

a) Annually

b) Semi-Annually

c) Quarterly

d) Monthly