Beer Drinkers’ Tastes Change with the Season

What a time to be alive—at least according to beer drinkers. Nearly nine in 10 (88 percent) beer drinkers agree that it’s a great time to be a beer lover. When looking more closely at what it is about beer they love so much, 70 percent say they enjoy trying new types of beer and nearly two in three (64 percent) are fans of local brews. The latter is especially true of craft beer drinkers, 86 percent of whom are fans of local beer, compared to 77 percent of those who prefer import beers and 60 percent of domestic non-craft beer drinkers. Those in their 30s stand out from the crowd in their passion for beer. Among beer drinkers in this age group, 95 percent say it’s a great time to be a beer lover and 85 percent enjoy trying new types of beer. They’re also more passionate fans of local brews than the average beer drinker (76 percent). These are some of the results of The Harris Poll of 2,115 U.S. adults (ages 21 and older, including 913 who drink beer at least several times per year, surveyed online. As the weather changes, so do the taps, with spring seasonal brews replacing the winter drafts. When it comes to beer style, lagers are tops, with 30 percent of beer drinkers saying a lager is their preferred choice. However, 40 percent of beer drinkers say their

favorite beers change with the season. Millennials may welcome the change most as they’re more likely than any other generation to modify their tastes with the seasons (56 percent vs. 42 percent Gen Xers, 26 percent Baby Boomers, 21 percent Matures).

“It’s certainly a good time to be a beer lover,” says Danelle Kosmal, VP of Nielsen’s Beverage Alcohol Practice. “As Americans continue to enjoy some of their favorite traditional lagers, they also have a seemingly unlimited set of options when it comes to styles and new flavors. Whether it’s with a new session IPA, a farmhouse sale or a refreshing summer flavor, there are plenty of reasons for beer lovers and brewers alike to be excited about their opportunities in beer.” Perhaps just as critical as the contents of your pint glass is what’s on the plate next to it. Pizza tops the list of foods beer drinkers say is the best to eat while sipping a cold one (28 percent), which comes as no surprise since a separate Harris Poll found that pizza also ranked as the No. 1 comfort food and beer beats out all other alcoholic beverages the top alcoholic beverage to wash down a slice. Burgers (10 percent) and wings (7 percent) round out the top three favorite foods to pair with a beer.5

Questions

1. What is the construct or constructs in the research? Give a constitutive definition.

2. What levels of measurement could the researchers have used? Give examples

3. What could have been used to measure reliability?

4. How might the researchers approach the measurement of validity?

5. What could be done to measure construct validity?

In a remote valley, two businesses share a waterway. Tom's Tomato Farm pumps water from a river and uses it to irrigate its fields. The used water eventually flows back into the river, carrying some of the fertilizer that Tom applies to his crops. Up to a point, more fertilizer helps increase Tom's harvest. Downstream, Jay's Riverview Campground offers campsites to interested vacationers. Fertilizer contamination of the river creates algae blooms that adversely affect Jay's business. The functions describing the profits of each establishment are:

πT(F) = 32 +12F - 0.25F2

πJ (F) = 220 - 8F

where the subscripts "T" and "J" refer to Tom's and Jay's places of business, respectively. "F" represents the amount of fertilizer in the river generated by Tom.

(a) Derive the functions representing (i) the marginal benefit of fertilizer to Tom and (ii) the marginal cost of fertilizer to Jay.

(b) Suppose that the existing law defines property rights that favor recreational users of waterways (e.g., campsites) at the expense of farmers. A campsite can sue a polluting farmer for prohibitive damages if any pollution takes place, unless the affected parties consent to an alternative agreement. Indicate (i) the amount of pollution that takes place in this scenario, and (ii) the profits of Tom and Jay. Assume that Jay has all the bargaining power (i.e., he captures the entire Coasian bargaining surplus, note it is different from the classroom example where both parties have some bargaining surplus).

(c) There exists a containment process for recapturing irrigation water in underground troughs and cleansing it of any leached fertilizer contaminants. This technology, which can be purchased for a cost of $X, would prevent Tom's operations from polluting the river at all (regardless of his choice of F). Suppose property rights and bargaining power are defined as in (b). What is the most Tom would be willing to pay to obtain this new process?

1. In a typical boom, consumption _____. Investment moves in the same direction but proportionately _____.

Question 1 options:

rise, more

rises, less

falls, more

falls, less

Question 2 (1 point)

2. Which of the following changed would contribute to a rise in the index of leading indicators, suggesting that a boom is more likely?

Question 2 options:

a decline in stock prices

a decline in building permits

a decline in the initial claims for unemployment insurance

a decline in the slope of the yield curve

Question 3 (1 point)

3. If a technological advance at credit card companies makes stores start accepting more credit payments, the demand for money will _____. If the money supply is held constant, the aggregate demand curve will shift to the _____.

Question 3 options:

increase, right

increase, left

decrease, right

decrease, left

Question 4 (1 point)

4. An expansion in aggregate demand increases _____ in the short run. In the long run, however, it increases only the ____.

Question 4 options:

real GDP, price level

real GDP, velocity of money

unemployment rate, price level

unemployment rate, velocity of money

Question 5 (1 point)

6. If the Fed responds to a positive supply shock by reducing the money supply, it will

Question 5 options:

stabilize aggregate demand at its previous level

make the resulting recession deeper than it otherwise would have been

keep the economy closer to its natural levels of output and employment

allow the price level to return to the level that prevailed before the shock

Consider a working mother with one child in New Zealand. Her wage rate is $30 per hour, and the maximum hours she can work is 80 hours per week.

a) Draw her budget line. What is the slope of the budget line?

b) In New Zealand, the Family Tax credit (FTC) gives a working mother with one child $113 if her weekly earnings are between $0 to $820. For each additional dollar earned above $820, the tax credit decreases by 25 cents. Draw the budget line under the FTC. What are the slopes of the new budget line?

c) Where does the new budget line intersects with the initial budget line in (a)? What are her income and hours of work at the intersection?

d) Suppose the working mother works 25 hours per week under the original budget constraint in (a). What is the income effect from the FTC? What is the substitution effect from the FTC? Will she work more, less, or ambiguous after the introduction of the FTC?

List explain and show how to calculate two specific ratio measures that could be used to measure a banks credit risk. In each case explain whether an analyst would want a higher or low ratio than the ratios of the banks peer group and why

that have you learned about yourself as a learner and student in transitioning to this environment? Comment on your most significant accomplishments (academic and personal); some of the difficult challenges (academic and personal) you have faced and how you dealt with them? What advice would you offer to an incoming first year student ?

What do you see as the future of Ireland in the world marketplace? Write 2 paragraphs including citations.

^{Your firm is interested in learning more about how its salaries relate to its employees' tenure with the firm. It has collected the following data for 25 of its employees.Plot these data points, and describe using regression how salary relates to firm tenure for this group. [In response, please provide excel details]}

Please provide some examples (two or three) of how some companies have run successful promotions, please be sure to cite those sources

Compare Nigeria and Iran institutions.

What is the ease of doing business in Ireland? Write at least 2 paragraphs including citations.

What is the current status of Ireland in the world marketplace? Write at least 2 paragraphs including citations.

This question considers long-run policies in Cameroon. Assume Cameroon’s money growth rate is 7% and inflation rate is 5%. Similarly, France’s money growth rate is 6% and inflation rate is 3%. Suppose that the world real interest rate is 2%. Use the associated conditions of the long run money market and exchange rate models to answer below questions. Treat Cameroon as the home country. The exchange rate is defined as Central Africa CFA francs per euro, EF/E.

i. What is the real income growth rate in Cameroon?

ii. What is the real income growth rate in France?

iii. What is the nominal interest rate in Cameroon?

iv. What is the nominal interest rate in France?

v. What is the expected rate of change in CFA francs per euro exchange rate?

Suppose that Cameroon wants to fix the value of CFA franc against the euro.

vi. What money growth rate must the central bank pick to achieve this objective?

vii. Suppose France experiences an increase in their inflation rate, which is now 4%. If Cameroon wants to maintain the fixed exchange rate regime, what will happen to its inflation rate?

Why has HIV/AIDS spread so quickly in South Africa and What has been the economic impact of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa??

Explain how person-to-person digital file sharing of songs and movies for free can lead, over time, to undersupply of these goods.