Country Analysis

Selected Country: UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (UAE)

1. Introduction
   • Geography and natural resources
   • Population
   • Historical past – in the context of changes to economic production and political systems
   • Political and economic system (for e.g. democracy with free-market structure)
2. Economic status and growth
   • GDP, real GDP, real GDP per capita, PPP adjusted GDP per capita. Growth rates of GDP, population – you can use website gapminder for relevant tools and information.
   • Sectorial contribution to GDP
   • Inflation
3. International Trade and Investments:
   • Export and Import, Trading partners
   • Balance of payments
   • FDI
4. Global economic Integration
   • Openness, participation in trading blocs
   • Protectionism: Tariffs and quotas WTO membership
5. Economic challenges: Identify and discuss at least 2 economic challenges (defined broadly) faced by the country. Is the country taking any steps to address the problems?
6. Summary about growth outlook

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Note: Please make a good report with the above heading related to UAE, and please try to not have much plagiarism

XXX produces onions that it exports to the world. It institutes an export tariff. Assume the initial price is $12.40 per bushel in world markets. Assume the export tariff was $6.25. Before the tariff, Indian consumption was is 11 million bushels and production is 15 million bushels. After the export tariff, Indian consumption was 12.75 million bushels and production is 13.5 million bushels. (a) Calculate the deadweight loss for the country? (b) Calculate the gain/loss to producers?

The answer for a is 10.156,250 M and the answer for b is -89.0625 M. Please help me with providing steps and graphs to solve this problem!! GRAPH, please!!

1. Periodically, a Senator or Congressman submits legislation to bring the Federal Reserve under the direct control of Congress.  Thinking about the policy objectives of the Federal Reserve System, explain why an independent central bank might more effectively achieve its policy objectives.

2. The simple models that we develop in class suggest that both fiscal and monetary policy work smoothly to eliminate short-run fluctuations in real GDP and achieve stable price growth. In reality, policy implementation may not be as effective as our model suggests. What obstacles might inhibit the effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policy? You should discuss one obstacle that both monetary and fiscal policy must overcome, one obstacle unique to fiscal policy, and one obstacle unique to monetary policy.

QUESTION 43

1. When money functions as a means of telling you that your textbook costs $150, then it is performing as a:

   		medium of exchange.
   		unit of account.
   		store of value.
   		standard of investment.

1 points   

QUESTION 44

1. Which of the following is an example of money serving as a store of value?

   		buying a hamburger
   		a $35 price tag
   		a collection of $10 bills hidden in your sock drawer.
   		paying your friend for his car

1 points   

QUESTION 45

1. “Liquidity” refers to:

   		the relative ease with which an asset can be converted to something else without loss of value.
   		the relative ease with which an asset can be transported.
   		how easy it is to increase the supply of an asset, especially that of money.
   		how quickly the value of an asset changes in response to changes in supply and/or demand.

1 points   

QUESTION 46

1. Banks hold reserves in order to:

   		cover their customers' withdrawal needs.
   		cover the banks' investments.
   		offset their liabilities.
   		satisfy stockholders.

Suppose there are 10 black quarterbacks and 25 white quarterbacks in the NFL draft, and that all quarterbacks are of equal ability; specifically, all quarterbacks in the draft have a 20% chance of succeeding in the NFL. However, suppose NFL coaches have an incorrect view that white quarterbacks are more likely to succeed than black quarterbacks. As a result, they decide to cut ½ of all black quarterbacks that were drafted and ¹/₅ of all white quarterbacks that were drafted.

a) How many of the white quarterbacks that survived the initial cuts will be successful? [1st blank]

b) How many of the black quarterbacks that survived the initial cuts will be successful? [2nd blank]

c) Of the 25 white quarterbacks in the NFL draft, what percentage will survive the cuts and be successful? [3rd blank]

d) Of the 10 black quarterbacks in the NFL draft, what percentage will survive the cuts and be successful? [4th blank]

e) Are NFL coaches likely to think that cutting ½ of all black quarterbacks and ¹/₅ of all white quarterbacks is a smart idea? [5th blank: write "yes" or "no"]

f) Is this type of discrimination likely to persist or disappear over time? [6th blank: write "yes" or "no"]

The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has caused a severe public health crisis as well as substantial economic disruption for every American. Policymakers have been considering legislation to help manage the pandemic and mitigate the economic burden on families and businesses.

So far, lawmakers have enacted four separate pieces of legislation, costing approximately $2.4 trillion. Below is a quick recap of that legislation.

Coronavirus-Related Legislative Actions to Date

As an initial response, policymakers enacted legislation in early March that provided $8.3 billion in emergency funding for public health agencies and coronavirus vaccine research. That bill appropriated $7.8 billion in discretionary funding to federal, state, and local health agencies and authorized $500 million in mandatory spending through a change in Medicare.

On March 18, the Families First Coronavirus Response Act was enacted to provide economic support to those in need. That legislation, totaling $192 billion, included a number of key components, including:

• Enhancing unemployment insurance benefits
• Increasing federal Medicaid and food-security spending
• Requiring certain employers to provide paid sick leave as well as family and medical leave (and expanding tax credits for those employers to offset the cost of providing such leave)
• Providing free coverage for coronavirus testing under government health programs

As a follow-up, lawmakers enacted the CARES Act, a relief package of around $2 trillion, on March 27 to address the near-term economic impact the virus is having on families and businesses. Some of the key items in the legislation include:

• Financial Assistance to Large Companies and Governments. Approximately $500 billion will be used to assist companies that are critical to national security and distressed sectors of the economy. Of that sum, about $450 billion will support loans to businesses, states, and municipalities through a new Federal Reserve lending facility. That support is not expected to increase federal deficits.
• Economic support for small businesses. Totaling about $380 billion, that support is largely for the creation of the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), which allocated $349 billion in funding through the CARES Act to offer as loans to small businesses to help them avoid laying off their workers. Additionally, portions of the loans spent on payroll, rent, or utilities are eligible for forgiveness.
• Direct payments to taxpayers. Taxpayers with annual incomes up to $75,000 (or $150,000 for married couples) will receive payments of $1,200; that payment amount will gradually phase out for higher income earners with a cap at an annual salary of $99,000 (or $198,000 for married couples). Families would also receive an additional $500 per qualifying child. The Joint Committee on Taxation estimates that this provision would require about $290 billion in funding.
• Further expansion of unemployment benefits. Such benefits would be significantly expanded under the legislation — extending unemployment insurance by 13 weeks, boosting benefits by up to $600 per week for four months, and expanding eligibility requirements to include more categories of workers. The Congressional Budget Office estimates that such an expansion would cost about $270 billion.
• Federal aid to hospital and healthcare providers. About $150 billion would be provided to help hospitals, community health centers, and other healthcare providers prepare for and respond to the pandemic.
• Various tax incentives. Businesses would be allowed to defer payroll taxes, which fund Social Security and Medicare. A number of other tax benefits would also be provided; the largest effect would stem from the ability of individual taxpayers to use business losses in recent years to offset nonbusiness income.

On April 24, policymakers enacted the Paycheck Protection Program and Healthcare Enhancement Act. That bill, totaling $483 billion, will provide an additional $383 billion in economic support for small businesses ($321 billion to replenish the PPP, $60 billion for emergency lending for small businesses, and $2 billion for salaries and expenses to administer such programs), another $75 billion in funding for hospitals, and about $25 billion to fund more testing for the pandemic.

Will More Support be Needed?

While the legislation enacted thus far may help mitigate the economic burden from COVID-19, many analysts believe that further support may be needed.

As the Brookings Institution notes, fiscal policy can be used now to cushion the economic downturn as much as possible. However, they suggest it should also aim to set the appropriate conditions for the economy to recover once the restrictions on economic activity are removed. As such, multiple fiscal packages may be needed. Brookings notes that after an initial stimulus is enacted, the United States could allow subsequent payments to those in need to vary with health and economic conditions over time.

If major economic disruptions continue in the coming months and further support is needed, the Progressive Policy Institute (PPI) notes that future legislation should be structured in a way that is directly tied to the health of the U.S. economy. That structure, according to PPI, should include expanding automatic stabilizers — features of the tax code and social safety net that offset fluctuations in economic activity, causing taxes to fall or federal spending to rise during an economic downturn — as those features are more quickly responsive to changes in economic conditions.

Furthermore, scholars at the American Enterprise Institute (AEI) note that providing support to businesses, especially small- and mid-size businesses, will continue to be crucial. AEI suggests that while the PPP is a bold new program to preserve business and employment relations, it can be made more effective. They suggest revising the program to fund non-payroll costs, assure lenders they will not be held responsible if borrowers misrepresent themselves, and increase funding for the program at a level commensurate with demand so that borrowers are not discouraged from applying.

The Center for American Progress suggests that the United States can learn from the economic measures taken by other countries to inform current and future responses. Specifically, such responses should involve prioritizing support to those who cannot work, providing relief to keep small- and mid-size businesses intact, suspending or reducing tax and housing payment obligations to avoid defaults, and providing direct support to crucial sectors in need such as healthcare.

Whether a future response is needed will be an ongoing conversation; such plans are yet to be developed and the policy landscape remains highly fluid. There is a critical role for the federal government in responding to this unprecedented situation, which includes complex and unique threats to our economy and public health.

Questions:

1. Describe some of the fiscal policy measures enacted by congress and how they might help stabilize the economy.
2. What were the total expenses of those policies at the time that his article was published?

Q1. Do you think that company should use the standardized strategy(Marketing) or not? what case they should use and when they not?

Q2. Will the Globalization will be affected in a negative way(reducing than now) when there is a current situation like

(1) Corona virus pandemic(2020)

(2) World financial crisis(2007-2008)

Don’t Call Rioters ‘Protesters’

As in the 1960s, rioters aren’t looking to make a political point. They’re in it for the ‘fun and profit.’

By Barry Latzer

June 4, 2020 1:55 pm ET

Though thousands of demonstrators have taken to the streets of cities across the nation to express their outrage over the death of George Floyd, many hundreds have engaged in mob violence and looting. Mr. Floyd’s tragic death is, for them, a pretext for hooliganism.

We’ve seen this before, back in the bad old days of the late 1960s, when rioting became a near-everyday occurrence. Economists William J. Collins and Robert A. Margotallied (Links to an external site.) an extraordinary 752 riots between 1964 and 1971. These disturbances involved 15,835 incidents of arson and caused 228 deaths, 12,741 injuries and 69,099 arrests. By an objective measure of severity, 130 of the 752 riots were considered “major,” 37 were labeled “massive” in their destructiveness.

At the time, black radicals and some white leftists saw the riots purely as political protest. Tom Hayden, the well-known New Left leader, described the violence as “a new stage in the development of Negro protest against racism, and as a logical outgrowth of the failure of the whole society to support racial equality.”

This analysis ignored the observations of witnesses on the scene. Thousands of rioters in the 1960s and early 1970s engaged in a joyful hooliganism—looting and destroying of property with wild abandon—that had no apparent political meaning. In the Detroit riot of July 1967, one of the era’s most lethal (43 people died in four nightmarish days of turmoil), the early stage of the riot was described by historian Sidney Fine as “a carnival atmosphere,” in which, as reported by a black minister eyewitness, participants exhibited “a gleefulness in throwing stuff and getting stuff out of the buildings.” A young black rioter told a newspaper reporter that he “really enjoyed” himself.

Analysts of urban rioting have identified a “Roman holiday” stage in which youths, in “a state of angry intoxication, taunt the police, burn stores with Molotov cocktails, and set the stage for looting.” This behavior is less political protest than, in Edward Banfield’s epigram of the day, “rioting mainly for fun and profit.” We are seeing some of the same looting and burning today, often treated by the media as mere exuberant protest.

Analyses of the riots that pinned blame on white bias and black victimization buttressed the protest theory. Such explanations received official sanction in the report of the influential National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders established by President Lyndon Johnson in 1967, and headed by Illinois Gov. Otto Kerner. The Kerner Report (Links to an external site.) famously declared that “white racism is essentially responsible for the explosive mixture which has been accumulating in our cities since the end of World War II.” While not explicitly calling the riots a justified revolt by the victims of white racism, the Kerner Report certainly gave that impression.

Today we have the Black Lives Matter movement, which claims that police racism is the heart of the problem and calls for “defunding” police departments. Its apologists ignore the pressing need to protect black lives in communities where armed violent criminals daily threaten law-abiding residents.

A seeming oddity of the disturbances of the late ’60s and early ’70s is that they failed to materialize in many cities. An analysis of 673 municipalities with populations over 25,000 found that 75% of them experienced no riots. Even within riot-torn cities it is estimated that 85% or more of the black population took no part in them. Although they’ve gotten little or no media coverage I expect we will see comparable enclaves of tranquility today.

One possible explanation for why some cities explode with violence and others don’t is contagion theory: the tendency of people to do what their friends are doing. Once the rocks and bottles start flying in a neighborhood, it becomes tempting to join in. Youths, who played a major role in the turbulence, are particularly susceptible to peer influence. Consequently, when teenagers and young men begin rampaging, the situation often quickly escalates. No one wants to miss the party. As more young people join in, what begins as a manageable event can rapidly spiral out of control.

Closely related to the contagion theory is the threshold—or, more popularly, the “tipping point”—hypothesis. Once a certain number of rioters have become engaged, this view holds, those who had preferred to stay on the sidelines will be motivated to jump in. While imitation plays its part here too, the size of the event in itself becomes the crucial determinant of the ultimate magnitude of the riot.

Of course, a peaceful situation can quickly descend into mayhem in the presence of provocateurs. Back in the ’60s, a new generation of young black militants, such as Stokely Carmichael and H. Rap Brown, traveled around the country making incendiary speeches, unabashedly endorsing black revolution. Today we have antifa and various anarchist groups using social media and encrypted messages to organize the violence effectively but anonymously.

Certainly, there are those who honestly believe that America’s police are racist and in need of fundamental reforms. They are mistaken, but they should have ample opportunity to express their views peacefully. There should be no confusing such protesters, however, with looters, arsonists and those who would kill police officers. They deserve a different name: criminals.

Mr. Latzer is a professor emeritus at New York’s John Jay College of Criminal Justice and author of “The Rise and Fall of Violent Crime in America.”

Discuss the opportunity costs

The Federal Reserve on Thursday took additional actions to provide up to $2.3 trillion in loans to support the economy. This funding will assist households and employers of all sizes and bolster the ability of state and local governments to deliver critical services during the coronavirus pandemic.

"Our country's highest priority must be to address this public health crisis, providing care for the ill and limiting the further spread of the virus," said Federal Reserve Board Chair Jerome H. Powell. "The Fed's role is to provide as much relief and stability as we can during this period of constrained economic activity, and our actions today will help ensure that the eventual recovery is as vigorous as possible."

The Federal Reserve's role is guided by its mandate from Congress to promote maximum employment and stable prices, along with its responsibilities to promote the stability of the financial system. In support of these goals, the Federal Reserve is using its full range of authorities to provide powerful support for the flow of credit in the economy.

The actions the Federal Reserve is taking today to support employers of all sizes and communities across the country will:

• Bolster the effectiveness of the Small Business Administration's Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) by supplying liquidity to participating financial institutions through term financing backed by PPP loans to small businesses. The PPP provides loans to small businesses so that they can keep their workers on the payroll. The Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility (PPPLF) will extend credit to eligible financial institutions that originate PPP loans, taking the loans as collateral at face value;
• Ensure credit flows to small and mid-sized businesses with the purchase of up to $600 billion in loans through the Main Street Lending Program. The Department of the Treasury, using funding from the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) will provide $75 billion in equity to the facility;
• Increase the flow of credit to households and businesses through capital markets, by expanding the size and scope of the Primary and Secondary Market Corporate Credit Facilities (PMCCF and SMCCF) as well as the Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility (TALF). These three programs will now support up to $850 billion in credit backed by $85 billion in credit protection provided by the Treasury; and
• Help state and local governments manage cash flow stresses caused by the coronavirus pandemic by establishing a Municipal Liquidity Facility that will offer up to $500 billion in lending to states and municipalities. The Treasury will provide $35 billion of credit protection to the Federal Reserve for the Municipal Liquidity Facility using funds appropriated by the CARES Act.

The Main Street Lending Program will enhance support for small and mid-sized businesses that were in good financial standing before the crisis by offering 4-year loans to companies employing up to 10,000 workers or with revenues of less than $2.5 billion. Principal and interest payments will be deferred for one year. Eligible banks may originate new Main Street loans or use Main Street loans to increase the size of existing loans to businesses. Banks will retain a 5 percent share, selling the remaining 95 percent to the Main Street facility, which will purchase up to $600 billion of loans. Firms seeking Main Street loans must commit to make reasonable efforts to maintain payroll and retain workers. Borrowers must also follow compensation, stock repurchase, and dividend restrictions that apply to direct loan programs under the CARES Act. Firms that have taken advantage of the PPP may also take out Main Street loans.

The Federal Reserve and the Treasury recognize that businesses vary widely in their financing needs, particularly at this time, and, as the program is being finalized, will continue to seek input from lenders, borrowers, and other stakeholders to make sure the program supports the economy as effectively and efficiently as possible while also safeguarding taxpayer funds. Comments may be sent to the feedback form until April 16.

To support further credit flow to households and businesses, the Federal Reserve will broaden the range of assets that are eligible collateral for TALF. As detailed in an updated term sheet, TALF-eligible collateral will now include the triple-A rated tranches of both outstanding commercial mortgage-backed securities and newly issued collateralized loan obligations. The size of the facility will remain $100 billion, and TALF will continue to support the issuance of asset-backed securities that fund a wide range of lending, including student loans, auto loans, and credit card loans.

The Municipal Liquidity Facility will help state and local governments better manage cash flow pressures in order to continue to serve households and businesses in their communities. The facility will purchase up to $500 billion of short term notes directly from U.S. states (including the District of Columbia), U.S. counties with a population of at least two million residents, and U.S. cities with a population of at least one million residents. Eligible state-level issuers may use the proceeds to support additional counties and cities. In addition to the actions described above, the Federal Reserve will continue to closely monitor conditions in the primary and secondary markets for municipal securities and will evaluate whether additional measures are needed to support the flow of credit and liquidity to state and local governments.

All of the facilities mentioned above are established by the Federal Reserve under the authority of Section 13(3) of the Federal Reserve Act, with approval of the Treasury Secretary.

The Federal Reserve remains committed to using its full range of tools to support the flow of credit to households and businesses to counter the economic impact of the coronavirus pandemic and promote a swift recovery once the disruptions abate

1. Describe some of the policies in the press release that the Fed has enacted and how they will help businesses in the economy.

Show what happens to interest rate, output, prices and wages as

i. Government spending decreases within a general equilibrium framework

ii. Money Supply decreases within a general equilibrium framework

iii. Autonomous consumption (or autonomous investment) decreases within a general equilibrium framework

why do you think sole proprietorship and partnership typically incorporate (become corporations) when they experience rapid and sizable increases in their production, sales and profits?

Taco-bell and Rio wrap are competing in the MI market. Each firm is deciding whether to follow a high spending advertising strategy. More aggressive advertising would lead high spending on media and billboard advertising. The profits associated with each strategy are as follows:

a) Does either firm have a dominant strategy? If yes, what is the dominant strategy for each firm?

b) Does either firm have a dominated strategy? If yes, state the strategy for each firm.

c) Find the equilibrium. Is this equilibrium Nash or Dominant strategy or both?

d) Is this game an example of the prisoners’ dilemma? Explain

e) If this game changes to infinitely repetead game, will a cooperation occur? What would be the cooperated strategy? What are their expected payoffs? (assume i=5%)

1. Why do you say that the real meaning of "World Trade" began with the discovery of geography?

2. What are the main reasons for the rapid development of World Trade since the Second World War? In addition to the factors listed in this chapter, what do you add?

3. What are the main effects of the industrial revolution on World Trade? What are the major differences between post-industrial World Trade and the past?

Comment on the relationship between GDP and GNP. Which is larger? Why?

35 word

Write a two page summary of article GAINING SKILLS VIRTUALLY TO CLOSE THE INEQUALITY GAP with a key points.