1. The maintenance cost for a certain machine is 1500 TL per year for the first 5 years (from n=1 to n=5), 2200 TL in year 6, and from year 7 until year 35 the maintenance cost per year increases 6% with respect to the amount of the previous year. At an interest rate of 8% per year, what is the equivalent equal payment series?

How does increasing returns to scale lead to gains from trade under monopolistic competition?

Due to the corona virus pandemic there has been a decrease in the demand for luxury goods especially in the airline industry where revenue has decreased,  a decrease in consumer income and factories have closed due to the virus causing a supply shortage to companies such as Apple and Toyota. Fully Explain this change using elasticity measurements and determinants (price elasticity and its relationship to revenue, price elasticity of supply and income elasticity of demand . Provide graphs and calculations to support your explanation.

The market demand function is Q = 7000 - 1000p

Each firm has a marginal cost of m = $0.16 Firm 1, the leader, acts before Firm 2, the follower. Solve for the Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium​ quantities, prices, and profits. Compare your solution to the​ Cournot-Nash equilibrium.

The​ Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium quantities are:

q1 = _______ units and q2 = ________ units.

The​ Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium price is:

Profits for firm 1 is:

Profits for firm 2 is:

The Cournot-Nash equilibrium price is:

Profits for Firm 1 is:

Profits for Firm 2 is:

According to the Solow model of growth, growth, in the long run (the steady-state), determine only by growth in technology. However, in the Solow model, there is nothing about how technology determined.

1. What factors do you think might affect technology in the long run?

2. Justify your answer and explain the implications to the growth in the long run.

1. This question is about trade policy.

1. List and briefly explain two distinct reasons that a country might want to have positive tariffs on foreign goods.

2. Given that there are many reasons why governments might be motivated to have significant tariffs on foreign goods, why do we have so many trade agreements to limit them?

suppose that companies located in Italy can produce 40,000 ton of Spaghetti Noodles for each year of labor they employ and, also using a year of labor, can produce 4 units of machinery. Suppose companies in Japan produce, with the same amount of labor 30,000 ton of Spaghetti Noodles and 6 units of machinery.

1. Which trade theory can best demonstrate the benefits of trade in this example and explain?
2. Explain whether each county can specialize in production of one product or not and determine which product to specialize.

c. Illustrate the amount of total production and consumption (combined both countries) before and after specialization and production, suppose that the total production after specialization will be divided equally between the two countries for consumption

1. This question is about the IS-LM-FX model. Assume Home and Foreign are in an initial equilibrium with a fixed exchange rate. Then the Home government decides to lower government spending, G.

2. 1. Describe the initial impact of this policy on the Home nominal interest rate, exchange rate, money supply and real output, holding Foreign interest rates and real output constant. You do not need to provide the graph in your solution, but you may find it useful to draw for yourself. (2 pts)

1. 2. Now describe the impact of Home’s policy on Foreign’s nominal interest rate, money supply and real output, taking as given the changes in Home’s variables you found in part a) as given. (1 pt)

2. 3. Now suppose that Home has decided that Home’s G must fall, but Home reaches out to Foreign to coordinate a monetary policy response. Describe a joint monetary policy that can (at least partially) stabilize both Home and Foreign output without sacrificing the fixed exchange rate. (1 pt)

Please write your thoughts about economic policy and results implemented between 1950-1960 years in Turkey?

which of the following statements is (are) correct?
(x) During the early 1960s, inflation was about 1 to 3 percent in the United States, compared to about 4 to
6 percent in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
(y) In 1980, the U.S. unemployment rate was about 7 percent and inflation was above 8 percent at the
same time.
(z) In the United States, the inflation rate has been consistently below 4 percent during the period from
2000 to 2015.
A. (x), (y) and (z)
B. (x) and (y) only
C. (x) and (z) only
D. (y) and (z) only
E. (z) only

10. Many economists during the 1960s believed the implications of the Phillips curve, which
A. indicated that low unemployment was associated with high inflation and high unemployment was
associated with low inflation.
B. offered policymakers a menu of possible economic outcomes from which to choose and the choice for
expansionary policy would lead to inflationary pressure but reduced unemployment.
C. indicated that there was upward pressure on wages and prices when unemployment was high.
D. All of the above are correct.
E. A and B, only

11. Which of the following would a student of economics expect if government policy had moved the economy
up along a given short-run Phillips curve?
A. Roscoe reads in the newspaper that the central bank had been increasing the purchase of bonds.
B. Bernadette loses her job because the factory shut down due to declining economic conditions.
C. Jasmine’s nominal wage falls because the manager, filled with jealousy, is stealing her tips.
D. Tim the “tool guy” cuts prices at his hardware store because of falling sales.
E. Both B and D

What do studies of conditional convergence find and how do their findings argue in favor of the Solow model(s) and against the Harrod-Domar model?