Question

Please name 4 microbes, and explain the mechanism of how they evade the cell-mediated immunity.

Answer 1

Name of four microbs.

Bacteria, fungi, protozoa, virus

mechanism of bacteria

Bacteria are multifaceted in their methods used to evade cell mediated immune detection. They employ tactics such as modulating their cell surfaces, releasing proteins to inhibit or degrade host immune factors, or even mimicking host molecules.

​​​​​​Mechanism of fungi

In fungi, components of the cell wall that help fungi to evade the cell mediated immune system. The outer layer of mannans of many fungal cells shields the highly immunogenic β-1,3-glucan from Dectin-1 receptor, precluding the activation of effector mechanisms in immune system.

Mechanism of protozoa

In protozoan parasites, their successful survival depends mainly on evading the host immune system by, for example, penetrating and multiplying within cells, varying their surface antigens, eliminating their protein coat, and modulating the host immune response. Innate resistance to protozoa is mediated, in part, by pre-existing soluble factors that can potentially recognize and destroy invading parasites or target them for killing by effector cells.

mechanism of virus

Viruses have evolved mechanisms to evade pathogen recognition by averting host innate cell responses that in turn also prevents optimal activation of the adaptive immune response.It is well established that the viruses have evolved wide variety of immune evasion strategies viz., evasion by noncytocidal infection evasion by cell to cell spread evasion by infection of nonpermissive, resting or undifferentiated cells