Question

Discuss the process of peptidoglycan synthesis (name the molecules involved and their roles)

Answer 1

Petidoglycan synthesis: The peptidoglycan monomers are synthesised in the cytosol and attached to a membrane carrier bactoprenol. This carrier transports peptidoglycan monomers across the cell membrane and inserted into the   peptidoglycan

Peptidoglycan syntheisis molecules involved and steps

1. In the very first step of peptidoglycan synthesis an amino acid glutamine donates its amino group to a sugar fructose 6- phosphate. This turns the fructose 6- phosphate into glucosamine 6 phosphate.
2. Then the second step, acetyl CoA donate its acetyl grop to the aminogroup of glucosamine 6 phosphate and results the formation of N- acetyl- glucosamine-6-phosphate.
3. The third step is the syntheisis phase. Where the isomerised N- acetyl- glucosamine-6-phosphate to N- acetyl- glucosamine-1-phosphate.
4. The monophosphate N- acetyl- glucosamine-1 -phosphate now attacks the UTP (uridine triphophate) which has a ability of serving as an energy source. This reaction with UTP, inorganic pyrophosphate given off and replced by the monophosphate. As an end result UDP-N-acetylucosamine formation takes place. This step is essential for the formation of NAG in the peptidoglycan.
5. Step fifth,  few of the UDP-N-acetylucosamine is converted to UDP-N- acetylmuramic acid by the addition of lactyl group to the glucosamine.
6. The sixth group the NADPH reduction of enol derivative takes place. And finally it form lactyl moiety.
7. In the last stage, UDP- MurNac is converted to UDP- MurNac pentapeptide by adding 5 amino acids ( dipeptide D- alanyl-D - alanine).

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