Review - Growing Annuity valuation

An investment offers $1000 to be received 9 years from today. After that payment, there will be nine more annual payments growing at a rate of 7% per year (for a total of 10 payments). If the relevant discount rate is 11% per year, the Present Value today of the entire investment is $_____.

Find the duration of a 5% coupon bond making annual coupon payments if it has three years until maturity and a yield to maturity of 6.3%. What is the duration if the yield to maturity is 10.3%? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to 4 decimal places.)

Minion, Inc., has no debt outstanding and a total market value of $200,000. Earnings before interest and taxes, EBIT, are projected to be $30,000 if economic conditions are normal. If there is strong expansion in the economy, then EBIT will be 18 percent higher. If there is a recession, then EBIT will be 20 percent lower. The company is considering a $75,000 debt issue with an interest rate of 8 percent. The proceeds will be used to repurchase shares of stock. There are currently 8,000 shares outstanding. Ignore taxes for this problem.

Brown Industries has a debt-equity ratio of 1.3. Its WACC is 8 percent, and its cost of debt is 5 percent. There is no corporate tax.

New Stock Issue

Bynum and Crumpton, a small jewelry manufacturer, has been successful and has enjoyed a positive growth trend. Now B&C is planning to go public with an issue of common stock, and it faces the problem of setting an appropriate price for the stock. The company and its investment banks believe that the proper procedure is to conduct a valuation and select several similar firms with publicly traded common stock and to make relevant comparisons.
Several jewelry manufacturers are reasonably similar to B&C with respect to product mix, asset composition, and debt/equity proportions. Of these companies, Abercrombe Jewelers and Gunter Fashions are most similar. When analyzing the following data, assume that the most recent year has been reasonably "normal" in the sense that it was neither especially good nor especially bad in terms of sales, earnings, and free cash flows. Abercrombe is listed on the AMEX and Gunter on the NYSE, while B&C will be traded in the NASDAQ market.

1. B&C is a closely held corporation with only 500,000 shares outstanding. Free cash flows have been low and in some years negative due to B&C's recent high sales growth rates, but as its expansion phase comes to an end, B&C's free cash flows should increase. B&C anticipates the following free cash flows over the next 5 years:

   Year	1	2	3	4	5
   FCF	$1,000,000	$1,050,000	$1,208,000	$1,329,000	$1,462,000

   After Year 5, free cash flow growth will be stable at 7% per year. Currently, B&C has no nonoperating assets, and its WACC is 12%. Using the free cash flow valuation model, estimate the (1) horizon value, (2) intrinsic value of operations, (3) intrinsic value of equity, and (4) intrinsic per share price. Do not round intermediate calculations. Write out your answer completely. For example, 5 million should be entered as 5,000,000. Round your answers for the value of equity to the nearest dollar and for the value of equity per share to the nearest cent.

   (1) Horizon value	$
   (2) Intrinsic value of operations	$
   (3) Intrinsic value of equity	$
   (4) Intrinsic per share price	$

2. Calculate debt to total assets, P/E, market to book, P/FCF, and ROE for Abercrombe, Gunter, and B&C. For calculations that require a price for B&C, use the per share price you obtained with the corporate valuation model in Part a. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places.

   	Abercrombe		Gunter		B&C
   D/A		%		%		%
   P/E
   Market/Book
   ROE		%		%		%
   P/FCF

3. Using Abercrombe's and Gunter's P/E, Market/Book, and Price/FCF ratios, calculate the range of prices for B&C's stock that would be consistent with these ratios. For example, if you multiply B&C's earnings per share by Abercrombe's P/E ratio you get a price. What range of prices do you get? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to the nearest cent.

   The range of prices:
   from $   to $  

   How does this compare with the price you get using the corporate valuation model?

   The price obtained with the corporate valuation model is -Select-withinout ofItem 22 this range of prices.

Your division is considering two projects with the following cash flows (in millions):

Project A: Cash Flow 0= -$17, CF1= $8, CF2= $8, CF3= $3

Project B: Cash Flow 0= -$26, CF1= $13, CF2= $10, CF3= $9

a) What are the projects' NPVs assuming the WACC is 5%? Enter your answer in millions. For example, an answer of $10,550,000 should be entered as 10.55. Negative values, if any, should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.

What are the projects' NPVs assuming the WACC is 10%? Enter your answer in millions. For example, an answer of $10,550,000 should be entered as 10.55. Negative values, if any, should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.

What are the projects' NPVs assuming the WACC is 15%? Enter your answer in millions. For example, an answer of $10,550,000 should be entered as 10.55. Negative values, if any, should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.

b) What are the projects' IRRs assuming the WACC is 5%? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.

What are the projects' IRRs assuming the WACC is 10%? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.

What are the projects' IRRs assuming the WACC is 15%? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.

c) If the WACC was 5% and A and B were mutually exclusive, which project would you choose? (Hint: The crossover rate is 20.19%.)

If the WACC was 10% and A and B were mutually exclusive, which project would you choose? (Hint: The crossover rate is 20.19%.)

If the WACC was 15% and A and B were mutually exclusive, which project would you choose? (Hint: The crossover rate is 20.19%.)

Your division is considering two projects with the following cash flows (in millions):

1. What are the projects' NPVs assuming the WACC is 5%? Round your answer to two decimal places. Do not round your intermediate calculations. Enter your answer in millions. For example, an answer of $10,550,000 should be entered as 10.55. Negative value should be indicated by a minus sign.
   Project A    $   million
   Project B    $   million

   What are the projects' NPVs assuming the WACC is 10%? Round your answer to two decimal places. Do not round your intermediate calculations. Enter your answer in millions. For example, an answer of $10,550,000 should be entered as 10.55. Negative value should be indicated by a minus sign.
   Project A    $   million
   Project B    $   million

   What are the projects' NPVs assuming the WACC is 15%? Round your answer to two decimal places. Do not round your intermediate calculations. Enter your answer in millions. For example, an answer of $10,550,000 should be entered as 10.55. Negative value should be indicated by a minus sign.
   Project A    $   million
   Project B    $   million

2. What are the projects' IRRs assuming the WACC is 5%? Round your answer to two decimal places. Do not round your intermediate calculations.
   Project A   %
   Project B   %

   What are the projects' IRRs assuming the WACC is 10%? Round your answer to two decimal places. Do not round your intermediate calculations.
   Project A   %
   Project B   %

   What are the projects' IRRs assuming the WACC is 15%? Round your answer to two decimal places. Do not round your intermediate calculations.
   Project A   %
   Project B   %

3. If the WACC was 5% and A and B were mutually exclusive, which project would you choose? (Hint: The crossover rate is 3.86%.)
   -Select-Project AProject BNeither A, nor BItem 13

   If the WACC was 10% and A and B were mutually exclusive, which project would you choose? (Hint: The crossover rate is 3.86%.)
   -Select-Project AProject BNeither A, nor BItem 14

   If the WACC was 15% and A and B were mutually exclusive, which project would you choose? (Hint: The crossover rate is 3.86%.)

Hawar International is a shipping firm with a current share price of $4.77 and 9.6 million shares outstanding. Suppose that Hawar announces plans to lower its corporate taxes by borrowing $8.2 million and repurchasing​ shares, that Hawar pays a corporate tax rate of 25%​ and that shareholders expect the change in debt to be permanent.

a. If the only imperfection is corporate​ taxes, what will be the share price after this​ announcement?

b. Suppose the only imperfections are corporate taxes and financial distress costs. If the share price rises to $4.82 after this​ announcement, what is the PV of financial distress costs Hawar will incur as the result of this new​ debt?

1. Net present value (NPV)

Evaluating cash flows with the NPV method

The net present value (NPV) rule is considered one of the most common and preferred criteria that generally lead to good investment decisions.

Consider this case:

Suppose Celestial Crane Cosmetics is evaluating a proposed capital budgeting project (project Beta) that will require an initial investment of $2,225,000. The project is expected to generate the following net cash flows:

Celestial Crane Cosmetics’s weighted average cost of capital is 8%, and project Beta has the same risk as the firm’s average project. Based on the cash flows, what is project Beta’s NPV?

-$934,674

-$534,674

-$634,674

-$1,121,609

Making the accept or reject decision

Celestial Crane Cosmetics’s decision to accept or reject project Beta is independent of its decisions on other projects. If the firm follows the NPV method, it should_________ project Beta.

Suppose your boss has asked you to analyze two mutually exclusive projects—project A and project B. Both projects require the same investment amount, and the sum of cash inflows of Project A is larger than the sum of cash inflows of project B. A coworker told you that you don’t need to do an NPV analysis of the projects because you already know that project A will have a larger NPV than project B. Do you agree with your coworker’s statement?

*No, the NPV calculation will take into account not only the projects’ cash inflows but also the timing of cash inflows and outflows. Consequently, project B could have a larger NPV than project A, even though project A has larger cash inflows.

*Yes, project A will always have the largest NPV, because its cash inflows are greater than project B’s cash inflows.

*No, the NPV calculation is based on percentage returns, so the size of a project’s cash flows does not affect a project’s NPV.

Consider a 20-year mortgage for $392,076 at an annual interest rate of 4.2%. After 5 years, the mortgage is refinanced to an annual interest rate of 2.8%. What are the monthly payments after refinancing?