Cowbell Corp. is a manufacturer of musical instruments. There are 51 million shares, each selling at $80 / share with an equity beta of 1.14. The risk-free rate is 5% and the market risk premium is 9%. There is $1.00 billion in outstanding debt (face value), paying a 9% s/a coupon for 15 years, which is currently quoted at 110% of par. Assuming a 40% tax rate, what is Cowbell Corp.’s WACC?

A car currently in use was originally purchased 3 years ago for $40,000. The car is being depreciated under MACRS using a 5-year recovery period; it has 4 years of usable life remaining. The car can be sold today to net $42,000 after removal and cleanup costs. A new car, using a 3-year MACRS recovery period, can be purchased at a price of $140,000. It requires $10,000 to install the new car. If the new car is acquired, the firm will have an increase in net working capital of $20,000. The firm is subject to a 40% tax rate. This results in the firm having an initial investment of $140,160. The revenues and expenses (excluding depreciation and interest) associated with both cars are given in the table below:

Calculate the operating cash flows for years 1 through 4 associated with the new car

Calculate the operating cash flows for years 1 through 4 associated with the old car

Use the following data to compute the option price for 3M: Stock price =100; Exercise price=90; Interest rate=5%; Time to expiration= 3 months; Standard deviation = 20% per year; assume zero dividends.

A) According to the Black-Scholes model, what price should we expect for the call option? What price should we expect for the put option?

Forecasted Statements and Ratios

Upton Computers makes bulk purchases of small computers, stocks them in conveniently located warehouses, ships them to its chain of retail stores, and has a staff to advise customers and help them set up their new computers. Upton's balance sheet as of December 31, 2016, is shown here (millions of dollars):

Sales for 2016 were $350 million and net income for the year was $10.5 million, so the firm's profit margin was 3.0%. Upton paid dividends of $4.2 million to common stockholders, so its payout ratio was 40%. Its tax rate was 40%, and it operated at full capacity. Assume that all assets/sales ratios, (spontaneous liabilities)/sales ratios, the profit margin, and the payout ratio remain constant in 2017. Do not round intermediate calculations.

1. If sales are projected to increase by $80 million, or 22.86%, during 2017, use the AFN equation to determine Upton's projected external capital requirements. Enter your answer in millions. For example, an answer of $1.2 million should be entered as 1.2, not 1,200,000. Round your answer to two decimal places.
   $  million
   
2. Using the AFN equation, determine Upton's self-supporting growth rate. That is, what is the maximum growth rate the firm can achieve without having to employ nonspontaneous external funds? Round your answer to two decimal places.
   %
   
3. Use the forecasted financial statement method to forecast Upton's balance sheet for December 31, 2017. Assume that all additional external capital is raised as a line of credit at the end of the year and is reflected (because the debt is added at the end of the year, there will be no additional interest expense due to the new debt).
   Assume Upton's profit margin and dividend payout ratio will be the same in 2017 as they were in 2016. What is the amount of the line of credit reported on the 2017 forecasted balance sheets? (Hint: You don't need to forecast the income statements because the line of credit is taken out on last day of the year and you are given the projected sales, profit margin, and dividend payout ratio; these figures allow you to calculate the 2017 addition to retained earnings for the balance sheet without actually constructing a full income statement.) Round your answers to the nearest cent.

   Upton Computers Pro Forma Balance Sheet December 31, 2017 (Millions of Dollars)
   Cash	$
   Receivables	$
   Inventories	$
   Total current assets	$
   Net fixed assets	$
   Total assets	$
   Accounts payable	$
   Notes payable	$
   Line of credit	$
   Accruals	$
   Total current liabilities	$
   Mortgage loan	$
   Common stock	$
   Retained earnings	$
   Total liabilities and equity	$

Financing Deficit

Garlington Technologies Inc.'s 2016 financial statements are shown below:

Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2016

Income Statement for December 31, 2016

Suppose that in 2017 sales increase by 20% over 2016 sales and that 2017 dividends will increase to $132,000. Forecast the financial statements using the forecasted financial statement method. Assume the firm operated at full capacity in 2016. Use an interest rate of 9%, and assume that any new debt will be added at the end of the year (so forecast the interest expense based on the debt balance at the beginning of the year). Cash does not earn any interest income. Assume that the all new-debt will be in the form of a line of credit. Round your answers to the nearest dollar. Do not round intermediate calculations.

Broussard Skateboard's sales are expected to increase by 20% from $8.4 million in 2016 to $10.08 million in 2017. Its assets totaled $5 million at the end of 2016. Broussard is already at full capacity, so its assets must grow at the same rate as projected sales. At the end of 2016, current liabilities were $1.4 million, consisting of $450,000 of accounts payable, $500,000 of notes payable, and $450,000 of accruals. The after-tax profit margin is forecasted to be 6%, and the forecasted payout ratio is 70%. What would be the additional funds needed?

Broussard Skateboard's sales are expected to increase by 15% from $8.0 million in 2016 to $9.20 million in 2017. Its assets totaled $5 million at the end of 2016. Broussard is already at full capacity, so its assets must grow at the same rate as projected sales. At the end of 2016, current liabilities were $1.4 million, consisting of $450,000 of accounts payable, $500,000 of notes payable, and $450,000 of accruals. The after-tax profit margin is forecasted to be 4%. Assume that the company pays no dividends. Under these assumptions, what would be the additional funds needed for the coming year?

Exotic Food Inc., a food processing company located in Herndon, VA, is considering adding a new division to produce fresh ginger juice. Following the ongoing TV buzz about significant health benefits derived from ginger consumption, the managers believe this drink will be a hit. However, the CEO questions the profitability of the venture given the high costs involved. To address his concerns, you have been asked to evaluate the project using three capital budgeting techniques (i.e., NPV, IRR and Payback) and present your findings in a report.

CASE OVERVIEW

The main equipment required is a commercial food processor which costs $200,000. The shipping and installation cost of the processor from China is $50,000. The processor will be depreciated under the MACRS system using the applicable depreciation rates are 33%, 45%, 15%, and 7% respectively. Production is estimated to last for three years, and the company will exit the market before intense competition sets in and erodes profits. The market value of the processor is expected to be $100,000 after three years. Net working capital of $2,000 is required at the start, which will be recovered at the end of the project. The juice will be packaged in 20 oz. containers that sell for $3.00 each. The company expects to sell 150,000 units per year; cost of goods sold is expected to total 70% of dollar sales.

Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC):

Exotic Food’s common stock is currently listed at $75 per share; new preferred stock sells for $80 per share and pays a dividend of $5.00. Last year, the company paid dividends of $2.00 per share for common stock, which is expected to grow at a constant rate of 10%. The local bank is willing to finance the project at 10.5% annual interest. The company’s marginal tax rate is 35%, and the optimum target capital structure is:

Your main task is to compute and evaluate the cash flows using capital budgeting techniques, analyze the results, and present your recommendations whether the company should take on the project.

QUESTIONS

To help in the analysis, answer all the following questions. Present the analysis in one Excel file with the data, computations, formulas, and solutions. It is preferred that the Excel file be embedded inside the WORD document (question 8).

1. What is the total investment amount at the start of the project (i.e., year zero cash flow)?
2. What is the depreciation amount for each year?
   • Create a depreciation schedule
3. What is the after-tax salvage value of the equipment?
4. What is the projected net income and Operating Cash Flows (OCF) for the three years?
   • Complete an income statement for each year.
5. What are the Free Cash Flows (FCF) generated from the project?
   • Create a projected cash flow schedule
6. What is the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC)?
   • Compute the after-tax cost of debt
   • Compute the cost of common equity
   • Compute the cost of preferred stock
   • Compute the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC)
7. Using a WACC of 15%, apply four capital budgeting techniques to evaluate the project, assuming the Free Cash Flows are as follows:

   Years	Free Cash Flows
   0	($252,000.00)
   1	$118,625.00
   2	$127,125.00
   3	$181,000.00

   
   The four techniques are NPV, IRR, MIRR, and discounted Payback. Assume the reinvestment rate to be 8% for the MIRR. Also, assume that the business will only accept projects with a payback period of two and half years or less.
8. Which of the four techniques should be selected and why?

A project has the following incremental cash flows: for years zero, though year 4, respectively. -$2,000, $800, $700 $700, $100,000. The hurdle rate is 17%. Where is the IRR relative to this rate? A.) >70% B.) <10% C.) >100% D.) 3%

Suppose the corporate tax rate is 25 %. Consider a firm that earns $ 1 comma 000 in earnings before interest and taxes each year with no risk. The​ firm's capital expenditures equal its depreciation expenses each​ year, and it will have no changes to its net working capital. The​ risk-free interest rate is 5 %. a. Suppose the firm has no debt and pays out its net income as a dividend each year. What is the value of the​ firm's equity? b. Suppose instead the firm makes interest payments of $ 200 per year. What is the value of​ equity? What is the value of​ debt? c. What is the difference between the total value of the firm with leverage and without​ leverage? d. To what percentage of the value of the debt is the difference in part ​(c​) ​equal?

Black Diamond, Inc., a manufacturer of carbon and graphite products for the aerospace and transportation industries, is considering several funding alternatives for an investment project. To finance the project, the company can sell 1,000 15-year bonds with a $1,000 face value, 7% coupon rate. The bonds require an average discount of $50 per bond and flotation costs of $40 per bond when being sold. The company can sell 5,000 shares of preferred stock that will pay a $2 dividend per share at a price of $40 per share. The cost of issuing and selling preferred stocks is expected to be $5 per share. To calculate the cost of common stock, the company uses the dividend discount model. The firm just paid a dividend of $3 per common share. The company expects this dividend to grow at a constant rate of 3% per year indefinitely. The flotation costs for issuing new common shares are 7%. The company plans to sell 10.000 shares at a price of $50 per share. The company's tax rate is 40%. a) Calculate the company's after-tax cost of long-term debt b) Calculate the company's cost of preferred equity c) Calculate the company's cost of common equity d) Calculate the company's weighted average cost of capital e) What is the company's weighted average cost of capital without flotation costs?

Williamson Industries has $4 billion in sales and $1 billion in fixed assets. Currently, the company's fixed assets are operating at 95% of capacity.

Rackin Pinion Corporation’s assets are currently worth $1,240. In one year, they will be worth either $1,200 or $1,490. The risk-free interest rate is 7 percent. Suppose the company has an outstanding debt issue with a face value of $1,000. a. What is the value of the equity? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) Equity value $ b-1 What is the value of the debt? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) Debt value $ b-2 What is the interest rate on the debt? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as a percent rounded to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.) Interest rate % c. Would the value of the equity go up or down if the risk-free rate were 8 percent? Increase Decrease

The price of Swearengen, Inc., stock will be either $73 or $95 at the end of the year. Call options are available with one year to expiration. T-bills currently yield 4 percent. a. Suppose the current price of the company's stock is $84. What is the value of the call option if the exercise price is $69 per share? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) Call value $ b. Suppose the current price of the company's stock is $84. What is the value of the call option if the exercise price is $79 per share? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) Call value $ HintsReferenceseBook & Resources Hint #1

You must evaluate a proposal to buy a new milling machine. The purchase price of the milling machine, including shipping and installation costs, is $154,000, and the equipment will be fully depreciated at the time of purchase. The machine would be sold after 3 years for $46,000. The machine would require a $9,000 increase in net operating working capital (increased inventory less increased accounts payable). There would be no effect on revenues, but pretax labor costs would decline by $43,000 per year. The marginal tax rate is 25%, and the WACC is 11%. Also, the firm spent $4,500 last year investigating the feasibility of using the machine. How should the $4,500 spent last year be handled? The cost of research is an incremental cash flow and should be included in the analysis. Only the tax effect of the research expenses should be included in the analysis. Last year's expenditure should be treated as a terminal cash flow and dealt with at the end of the project's life. Hence, it should not be included in the initial investment outlay. Last year's expenditure is considered an opportunity cost and does not represent an incremental cash flow. Hence, it should not be included in the analysis. Last year's expenditure is considered a sunk cost and does not represent an incremental cash flow. Hence, it should not be included in the analysis. What is the initial investment outlay for the machine for capital budgeting purposes after the 100% bonus depreciation is considered, that is, what is the Year 0 project cash flow? Enter your answer as a positive value. Round your answer to the nearest dollar. $ What are the project's annual cash flows during Years 1, 2, and 3? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to the nearest dollar. Year 1: $ Year 2: $ Year 3: $ Should the machine be purchased?