Question

Urgent need: please solve this question below:

A description of how your chosen Information Systems Technology is currently being used in different areas of business, government or and/or society. If your technology is being used in many different areas, try and focus on four areas that either have a high impact or that interest your group. Be sure to include the impacts that the technology is having on each of these areas. Your impacts should include both quantitative (e.g., financial, etc.) as well as qualitative (e.g., quality of life, etc.) ones. In addition, describe 3-4 advantages and 3-4 disadvantages of the use of the technology in these areas. For the advantages, you should clearly describe how/why these are advantages, whether or not they are sustainable and why. For the disadvantages, you should clearly describe why they are disadvantages, how serious these disadvantages are and whether or not there are any ways to overcome these disadvantages.

Answer 1

Yes, AI plays an important role in the future and current scenarios. Most of the things going to be automated and AI based.

The website keeps tracks of user's interests for business decision making. It keeps the track of what items you search, the price range, the brand and so on. Once it gets all the necessary history details, it tries to provide suggestions to the user.

On the background there are many algorithms are running which are processing your inputs and providing smart suggestions. These techniques are AI based. AI stands for Artificial Intelligence. It is one of the widely used techniques for making intelligent decisions which simulate human behavior in solving complex problems. AI is a broad concept which has Machine Learning, Statistics, Natural Language Processing, Data Mining, Analytical Decision Making etc.

You would have seen when you purchase a mobile phone, you would have got suggestion stating to buy phone cover along with the phone with the tag 'People bought these items together' which is a data mining task. The browser or website history have enough information for the algorithms to perform classification of tasks. It is known as supervised learning technique in Machine Learning. The system understands your searching information and provides more accurate suggestions through Natural Language Processing and so on so forth.

The server or browser keeps track of this information and get it supplied as an input to AI algorithms for business decision making. How does pop advertiser know that you have been searching the specific item? The main goal is to reach the correct customers with correct needs to improve business with the help of advanced AI algorithms.

Machine Learning and IoT is also a subset of AI. I am going to discuss mainly IoT and overview of AI and ML.

Artificial Intelligence: Artificial intelligence is one of the important areas in computer science that deals with the creation of intelligent machines that work and act like humans. Few activities of AI include:

1. Problem Solving

2. Planning

3. Speech recognition

AI in laymen terms:

Scenario 1: Suppose you are moving to the Airport to catch your flight. Once you have boarded in the flight, the flight personnel tells you to turn on the Flight mode on your mobile phone. You listen to their instructions and do the tasks accordingly.

Scenario 2: You reached the airport. Using GPS on your phone, the machine automatically understands your in Airport Zone and turns on Airplane mode automatically.

Scenario 1 is called human intelligence and scenario 2 is called artificial intelligence.

Machine Learning is a subset of AI that automatically learns from its experience (the experience is nothing but data) and takes accurate decisions accordingly without explicitly programmed.

ML in laymen terms:

Scenario 1: Say, you want to add 2 numbers. You will write a program logic for adding two numbers.

Scenario 2: Say, you have given 5 records to the model. The records are

Number_1 Number_2 Result

10 20 30

5 20 25

10 10 20

40 20 60

-10 20 10

Now, you are giving 30,40, the model automatically learns from your data (Patterns Identified) and you will get the result as 70.

This is one of the applications of ML (Pattern Recognition).

Internet of Things (IoT): The physical objects embedded with sensors, hardware devices, software and communicate with each other and updates information on the cloud.

IoT in laymen terms:

Scenario 1: You are sitting in a room. The fans are turned on. You feel the weather is too cold, so you are manually adjusting the speed of the fan. Suddenly, your friend came to your house. You went outside along with him and you forgot to turn off the fans.

Scenario 2: You are sitting in a room. The fans are turned on. You feel the weather is too cold, the sensors automatically sense the weather condition and automatically adjusts the speed of the fan. Suddenly, your friend came to your house. You went outside along with him and your fans are automatically turned off since the sensor senses that there is no person sitting in the room.

This is called IoT.

- IoT stands for Internet of Things.

- Things can be physical things, environment, vehicles, devices, appliances, body wearables, traffic lights, water meter etc.,

- IoT senses the event(s).

- It transmits sensed information.

- It accepts commands for taking an action.

- It performs an action according to the received commands and the sensed information.

- It uses the internet for communication with other things or objects.

Let us understand one case study.

John is employed as a Streetlight operator. The main goal of his job is to turn on the street lights in the evening and turn it off in the morning. The other main responsibility of his job is to maintain the street lights. He needs to make sure that defective lights should be replaced on a prior basis. He often forgets to turn off the street lights in the morning. Sometimes he forgets to turn on the street lights in the evening. He is also facing difficulty in identifying the defected lights.

Can you list issues identified from the case study?

- Wastage of electricity if he forgets to turn off the light in the morning

- Safety issues to people

- Difficult to identify defected lights and maintain

- Wastage of electricity if no one is either using the road to commute or travel

To solve all those issues, the project "IoT based Smart Street Light System" would be helpful.

- It works using sensors, microcontrollers, and the internet.

- The functionality is simple, if there is the presence of the object in the road, lights will turn on.

- Based on the lightness of day or night, the lights will automatically turn on or off. Example: During the rainy season, at 4 PM itself it have been dark, then based on the light measuring sensors, the street lights would be turned on.  

- The defected lights can be identified and updated in the cloud.

How can it be implemented?

The prototype of this can be implemented using Arduino Microcontrollers, Sensors, ESP8266, ThingSpeak API.

Arduino comes in varies ranges like Uno, Mega etc. This microcontroller acts as a small computer wherein sensors, WiFi modules are embedded.

There are different sensors used for detecting lighting capacity, movements etc.

Light Sensor used to detect the lighting capacity and based on the given criteria, the light can be turned on or off.

Motion Sensor used to detect any movements.

The WiFi module ESP8266 transmits sensor data over the internet.

ThingSpeak API is a website which allows real-time data transmission of the sensor at regular intervals.

It is the need of the hour that most of the things should be converted to 'smart' using cutting-edge IoT concepts and techniques. Understanding AI and its subset will shape up the future.

Some Disadvantages:

1. Privacy becomes a question

2. Lack of concern