Question

1. counseling. Based on that document and your knowledge of the change process, please answer the following:

• List the three strategies for which the scientific evidence of efficacy is strong. Briefly describe how a nutrition counselor would go about implementing each of the three strategies.
  
  
• There is strong evidence that one of the strategies is not effective. Which strategy is that and what might explain the lack of efficacy? What are the implications of the findings for counseling and for public health efforts?
  
  
• There is grade two or moderately good evidence supporting the efficacy of social support and goal setting strategies. As a counselor, how would you promote clients’ social support? What types of social support might be useful and what types might actually be counterproductive?
  
  
• List the three strategies for which there is little or no scientific evidence of efficacy. What are the practice implications of no scientific evidence of efficacy? (Please keep in mind that having the scientific evidence that a technique doesn't work is different from not having enough evidence (yet) that it does works.)

5. List the steps to working with a client to set up a behavioral experiment. Use the WOOP approach and include brainstorming.
6. Your client has long history as well as social, cultural, and emotional reasons for drinking copious amounts of sugar-sweetened beverages. She has set a long-term goal to stop drinking sugar sweetened beverages. Write a script showing the questions and techniques you would use to help her set up an experiment to stop drinking sugar sweetened beverages.
7. In the first experiment video, the client wasn’t successful with a seemingly simple experiment. Based on the power point, why was the simple behavior change difficult for the client? How does Kellogg handle her clients’ lack of success?
   
   
8. In the second experiment video, assume the client was successful and you are now following up with him (as his nutrition counselor). Write a hypothetical counseling script showing how you would handle clients’ mostly successful experiments.
   
   
9. Be prepared to answer questions concerning client and counselor roles in the counseling relationship such as which person identifies potential barriers? Which person decides on what goals to set and what experiments to try? Who is responsible for knowing local resources?
   
   
10. What is CBT and how can people revise the way they respond to thoughts?

Answer 1

1)List the three strategies for which the scientific evidence of efficacy is strong. Briefly describe how a nutrition counselor would go about implementing each of the three strategies.

Evidence-based practice involves the incorporation of three components to improve outcomes and quality of life. External evidence includes systematic reviews, randomized control trials, best practice, and clinical practice guidelines that support a change in clinical practice.

A's" to remember the critical steps of the evidence-based practice process:

• ASK the answerable clinical question.
• ACQUIRE the most relevant and best evidence to answer the question.
• APPRAISE the evidence critically for validity, relevance, and applicability.

A nutritional counsellor can use the practice of evidence-based nutrition (EBN),which involves using the best available nutrition evidence, together with clinical experience, to help patients prevent (sometimes), resolve (sometimes), or cope with (often) problems related to their physical, mental, and social health, according to their values and preferences ...

2) There is strong evidence that one of the strategies is not effective. Which strategy is that and what might explain the lack of efficacy? What are the implications of the findings for counseling and for public health efforts?

Disadvantages of evidence-based practice include the shortage of evidence, the oversight of common sense, and the length of time and difficulty of finding valid credible evidence. Basing practice on evidence requires there to be some kind of evidence on your disease, issue, or question

Implications for Counseling

The implications of these research trends are dramatic in regard to counselor education. For example, they suggest redirecting efforts from personal awareness to building cognitive complexity and increasing the knowledge of and ability to apply evidence-based counseling protocols.

Implications for Public health

This demographic change has several implications for public health. . Life-long health promotion and disease prevention activities can prevent or delay the onset of noncommunicable and chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stroke and cancer.

3) As a counselor, how would you promote clients’ social support? What types of social support might be useful and what types might actually be counterproductive?

Social support is often identified as a key component of solid relationships and strong psychological health, but what exactly does it mean?

Essentially, social support involves having a network of family and friends that you can turn to in times of need. Whether you are facing a personal crisis and need immediate assistance, or you just want to spend time with people who care about you, these relationships play a critical role in how you function in your day-to-day life.

It is social support that builds people up during times of stress and often gives them the strength to carry on and even thrive. But social support is certainly not a one-way street. In addition to relying on others, you also serve as a form of support for many people in your life.

How Social Support is provided by a counsellor

So now that we understand that our social support systems involve both different types of social support as well as integration into different social groups, it is time to take a closer look at exactly how these social relationships influence both physical and mental health.

• Encourage Healthy Choices and Behaviors
• Helps Cope With Stress
• Improves Motivation
• A Word From Verywell

This might help decide to get more proactive about giving and getting emotional support. It could greatly improve the quality of your life.

Four Types of Social Support

While there are many different ways that people can support one another, much research has been done on the effects of four distinct types of social support:

• Emotional Support: This type of support often involves physical comfort such as hugs or pats on the back, as well as listening and empathizing. With emotional support, a friend or spouse might give you a big hug and listen to your problems, letting you know that they’ve felt the same way, too.
• Esteem Support: This type of social support is shown in expressions of confidence or encouragement. Someone offering esteem support might point out the strengths you’re forgetting you have, or just let you know that they believe in you. Life coaches and many therapists offer this type of support to let their clients know that they believe in them; this often leads to clients believing in themselves more.
• Informational Support: Those offering informational support do so in the form of advice-giving, or in gathering and sharing information that can help people know of potential next steps that may work well.
• Tangible Support: Tangible support includes taking on responsibilities for someone else so they can deal with a problem or in other ways taking an active stance to help someone manage a problem they’re experiencing. Someone who offers you tangible support may bring you dinner when you’re sick, help you brainstorm solutions (rather than telling you what you should do, as with informational support), or in other ways help you actively deal with the issue at hand.

Which Types of Social Support Work Best?

All of these types of social support ‘work’, but not with everybody, and not in the same ways. Different people have preferences for a certain type or a combination or a few types of social support. It’s important to note, however, that the wrong type of support can actually have a detrimental effect, so it helps to know what type of social support is needed in each situation.

Here’s some of what the research has found:

• You really can have too much support! One study, which involved 103 husbands and wives who completed surveys five times over their first five years of marriage, looked at how support was provided and measured marital satisfaction. It found that too much informational support (usually in the form of unsolicited advice) can actually be worse than no support at all. (I found it reassuring, however, that you can’t give too much esteem support; no amount of esteem support is ‘too much’, as long as it’s genuine.)
• Too little support is more common than too much. The same study found that about two-thirds of men and at least 80% of women found themselves receiving too little support, whereas just one-third of men and women said that they were receiving more support than they wanted.
• Another study, which examined 235 newlyweds, found that both partners are happier if the husband gets the types of social support he needs most. For women, it was enough that the husband was just trying to offer support, even if he didn’t always offer the right kind.

4)List the steps to working with a client to set up a behavioral experiment. Use the WOOP approach and include brainstorming.

Behavioral experiments are planned experiential activities to test the validity of a belief. They are an information gathering exercise, the purpose of which is to test the accuracy of an individual's beliefs (about themselves, others, and the world) or to test new, more adaptive beliefs.

The WOOP method, which stands for Wish, Outcome, Obstacle, Plan, helps you pave the way to making your dreams a reality. ... Now on to your plan: If faced with obstacle X, then you will take effective action Y in response.
The WOOP method is broken down into four steps:

1. Identify your wish. ...
2. Identify the best possible outcome of that wish coming true. ...
3. Identify the obstacles keeping you from fulfilling your wish. ...
4. Identify a plan to fulfill your wish.

WOOP is a scientifically proven tool that helps us change our behaviors for the better and achieve our goals.

It stands for Wish, Outcome, Obstacle, and Plan.

And it’s basically the combination of two tools called mental contrasting and implementation intentions.

The “Wish”, “Outcome”, and “Obstacle” part of the technique comes from mental contrasting and the “Plan” part comes from implementation intentions.

WOOP = Mental Contrasting (WOO_) + Implementation Intentions (___P)

Both of these tools alone are already highly effective.

They’ve both been proven in many scientific studies to have a medium to large impact on actual behavior and significantly increase the likelihood of people achieving their goals.

How WOOP Works

WOOP works in a simple 4-step process.

Let’s walk through it step-by-step…

1. Step: Wish

Choose a goal you would like to accomplish. It should be challenging, compelling, and realistic.

The time horizon of the goal doesn’t matter. It could be due today, tomorrow, in 3 weeks, in 2 months, in a year, in 5 years, in 100 years, or it could be a behavior, skill, or anything else that you just want to generally improve (no time horizon at all).

(Note: If you choose an unrealistic goal, WOOP will make you less motivated, less energized, and less likely to achieve the goal. That’s a good thing because when that happens, you know that it’s not realistic, you can stop wasting your time, and set a more feasible goal. I explain this in detail in my article on mental contrasting.)

Examples:

• “I want to exercise more regularly.”
• “I want to finish this whitepaper by next Wednesday.”
• “I want to read more NJlifehacks articles instead of watching TV.” (smart move!)

2. Step: Outcome

What’s the best possible outcome that would result from accomplishing your goal? How would you feel? Visualize this outcome in your mind.

Examples:

• “I have more energy and feel better about myself.”
• “I am relieved and feel proud of myself.”
• “It gives me a sense of accomplishment and pride. I’m happy that I’m using my time wisely.”

3. Step: Obstacles

What are the personal obstacles that prevent you from achieving your goal? What’s standing in the way between you and your goal? Visualize this obstacle in your mind.

Examples:

• “I don’t feel motivated or excited to exercise in the morning.”
• “I procrastinate and get distracted by Facebook and co.”
• “I’m tired when I get home from work and just don’t feel like reading.”

4. Step: Plan

Make a plan for overcoming your obstacle. What action would help you when your obstacle shows up? Create an if/then plan and visualize it in your mind.

If / When _________ (obstacle), then I will __________ (action to overcome obstacle).

Examples:

• “If I get up in the morning, then I immediately put on my sneaker and go for a run even if I don’t feel like it.”
• “If I get distracted during my work, then I block all distracting websites with coldturkey and get back to work.”
• “If I get home, then I immediately jump on NJlifehacks.com and start reading.”

Simple as that.

Let’s see if science really supports this or if this is all just a terrible joke…

Science Says WOOP Works Like Magic

Time for some research.

One early experiment involved female students who were trying to change an unhealthy snacking habit. Some of the participants performed mental contrasting, some formed implementation intentions, and some did both.

• Group 1: Mental contrasting
• Group 2: Implementation intentions
• Group 3: Both (WOOP)

The participants were asked to perform that same mental exercise each morning upon awakening. A week later the researchers checked back with the students.

The results were striking:

As expected, all participants reported making progress in their efforts to control snacking.

But participants who performed WOOP reported substantially more progress than those who only performed mental contrasting or implementation intentions alone.

That’s remarkable considering both tools individually already work super well.

WOOP In Action: Some Practical Examples

Here is an  examples of how you could start using WOOP for behaviour modification

Goal: Becoming an early riser

• W: Wake up early on a regular basis.
• O: Get a lot done in the morning. Feeling great about myself. Feeling determined to make things happen. Proud.
• O: Hitting the snooze button.
• P: If the alarm goes off in the morning, then I immediately get out of bed - no matter what!

5) What is CBT and how can people revise the way they respond to thoughts?

Cognitive behavioral therapy, or CBT, is a short-term therapy technique that can help people find new ways to behave by changing their thought patterns.

Engaging with CBT can help people reduce stress, cope with complicated relationships, deal with grief, and face many other common life challenges.

CBT works on the basis that

• the way we think and interpret life’s events affects how we behave and, ultimately, how we feel. Studies have shown that it is useful in many situations.
• More specifically, CBT is a problem-specific, goal-oriented approach that needs the individual’s active involvement to succeed. It focuses on their present-day challenges, thoughts, and behaviors.
• It is also time-limited, meaning the person knows when a course will end, and they have some idea what to expect. Often, a course will consist of 20 one-to-one sessions, but this is not always the case.
• It can also take the form of either individual or group sessions.
• CBT is a collaborative therapy, requiring the individual and counselor to work together. According to the American Psychological Association (APA), the person eventually learns to become their own therapist.

Cognitive Restructuring TO REPOND TO THOUGHTS

• Step 1: Calm Yourself. If you're still upset or stressed by the thoughts you want to explore, you may find it hard to concentrate on using the tool. ...
• Step 2: Identify the Situation. ...
• Step 3: Analyze Your Mood. ...
• Step 4: Identify Automatic Thoughts. ...
• Step 5: Find Objective Supportive Evidence