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Cost of debt using both methods​ (YTM and the approximation​ formula)   ​Currently, Warren Industries can sell...

Cost of debt using both methods​ (YTM and the approximation​ formula)   ​Currently, Warren Industries can sell 10-year​, $1,000​-par-value bonds paying annual interest at a 8​% coupon rate. Because current market rates for similar bonds are just under 8​%, Warren can sell its bonds for $990 ​each; Warren will incur flotation costs of ​$35 per bond. The firm is in the 27​% tax bracket.

a.  Find the net proceeds from the sale of the​ bond, N Subscript d.

b.  Calculate the​ bond's yield to maturity (YTM​) to estimate the​ before-tax and​ after-tax costs of debt.

c.  Use the approximation formula to estimate the​ before-tax and​ after-tax costs of debt.

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