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Analyzing Inventories Using LIFO Inventory Footnote The footnote below is from the 2014 10 -K report...

Analyzing Inventories Using LIFO Inventory Footnote
The footnote below is from the 2014 10 -K report of Whole Foods Market, Inc., a Texas-based retail grocery chain.

Inventories
The Company values inventories at the lower of cost or market. Cost was determined using the dollar value retail last-in, first-out ("LIFO") method for approximately 93.5 % and 92.8 % of inventories in fiscal years 2014 and 2013, respectively. Under the LIFO method, the cost assigned to items sold is based on the cost of the most recent items purchased. As a result, the costs of the first items purchased remain in inventory and are used to value ending inventory. The excess of estimated current costs over LIFO carrying value, or LIFO reserve, was approximately $54 million and $47 million at September 28, 2014 and September 29, 2013, respectively. Costs for remaining inventories are determined by the first-in, first-out method. Cost before the LIFO adjustment is principally determined using the item cost method, which is calculated by counting each item in inventory, assigning costs to each of these items based on the actual purchase cost (net of vendor allowances) of each item and recording the actual cost of items sold.

Whole Foods operates the world's largest chain of natural and organic food stores. In 2014, Whole Foods reported sales revenue of $13,988 million and cost of goods sold of $8,755 million. The following information was extracted from the company's 2014 and 2013 balance sheets:

($ millions) 2014 2013
Merchandise inventories $399 $352


a. Calculate the amount of inventories purchased by Whole Foods in 2014. $Answer million

b. What amount of gross profit would Whole Foods have reported if the FIFO method had been used to value all inventories? $Answer million

c. Calculate the gross profit margin (GPM) as reported and assuming that the FIFO method had been used to value all inventories.

Round to the nearest percentage (i.e., 0.453 = 45 %) Answer%

Solutions

Expert Solution

a Amount of inventories purchased by Whole Foods in 2014
Purchases = Ending inventory-Beginning inventory+Cost of goods sold
Amount in millions
Ending inventory $399
Beginning inventory $352
Cost of Goods sold $8,755
Purchases $8,802
b Converting LIFO to FIFO
Simple Way
COGS (FIFO) = COGS (LIFO) - change in LIFO reserve
COGS (LIFO) $8,755
Change in LIFO reserve (54-47) $7
COGS (FIFO) $8,748
Another (complex ) way
Ending inventory (FIFO) = Ending inventory (LIFO)+ending LIFO reserve
Ending Inventory (LIFO) $399
Ending reserve $54
Ending inventory (FIFO) $453
beginning inventory (FIFO) = beginning inventory (LIFO)+beginning LIFO reserve
beginning Inventory (LIFO) $352
beginning reserve $47
beginning inventory (FIFO) $399
COGS (FIFO)
beginning inventory (FIFO) $399
Purchases $8,802
Ending inventory (FIFO) $453
COGS (FIFO) $8,748
Gross Profit
Sales $13,988
COGS $8,748
Gross Profit $5,240
c Gross profit margin
LIFO FIFO
Sales $13,988 $13,988
COGS $8,755 $8,748
Gross Profit $5,233 $5,240
Gross profit margin 37% 37%

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