Question
In: Nursing
Explain the difference in retrospective and prospective studies. Please provide a reference.
Explain the difference in retrospective and prospective studies. Please provide a reference.
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Expert Solution
Prospective Cohort Studies:
In prospective cohort studies the investigators conceive and design the study, recruit subjects, and collect baseline exposure data on all subjects, before any of the subjects have developed any of the outcomes of interest. The subjects are then followed into the future in order to record the development of any of the outcomes of interest. The follow up can be conducted by mail questionnaires, by phone interviews, via the Internet, or in person with interviews, physical examinations, and laboratory or imaging tests. Combinations of these methods can also be used.
Retrospective Cohort Studies
Retrospective studies also group subjects based on their exposure status and compare their incidence of disease. However, in this case both exposure status and outcome are ascertained retrospectively.
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