Question

Q.3.1 Provide a definition for Criminology. (5) Q.3.2 Differentiate between crime and deviance. (10) Q.3.3 Create a diagram to show the cycle of violence. (10) Q.3.4 Outline some of the general traits of transnational organised crime. (10) Q.3.5 List Syke’s and Matza’s FIVE neutralisation techniques and provide an example of each. (10)

Answer 1

3.1.

Criminology in very simple words can be defined as a study which focuses on crime and behavior which is deviant in nature .It is an interdisciplinary approach which has both social and behavioural factor involved it it This term was coined in 1885.It is an integrated field which involves sociology , behaviorism , Psychological aspects ,biological aspects and also work done by law scholars .

3.2 There are a number of differences between deviance and crime . They are written below

• Deviance involves violations of norms and rules or we can say standards which are social in nature .Crime involves violation of laws set up by the government .
• Deviance can be both criminal and non criminal in nature .Crime has criminal character and leads to punishment always .
• Deviance cannot be punishable by laws whereas crime is punishable by law agencies .
• Rules which explain and govern deviance are not written whereas laws for crime are written as well as well documented in law books .
• It is generally not severe in nature .Crime can be severe as well as non severe
• Deviance has different forms in different societies and cultures. Crime is almost constant and same everywhere .THe only thing which is different is the penalties and punishments .
• Examples of social deviance are prostituon, screaming or talking louand in a silent place . Exmaples of crime are murder , robbery etc .