Question

Scenario:

On 1 Oct 2018, Andrew Brown opened Nundle Services, a small business offering maintenance services in New South Wales. During the month of October, the business incurred the following transactions:

2 Oct, Andrew invested $50,000 cash in the business, which is organised as a sole trader.
3 Oct, got a 5 year loan for $30,000 from the ANZ bank, interest is 5% pa.
4 Oct, purchased and paid for equipment worth $51,000. Monthly depreciation will be $850.
5 Oct, purchased supplies for $6,500 on credit.
8 Oct, paid Oct office rent of $7,200.
10 Oct, Brown withdrew $2,000 for personal purposes.
17 Oct, paid an invoice of $4,500 for advertising
25 Oct, paid one year of insurance for $5,600
Additional information at 31 Oct:

Supplies on hand was $3,100
Services revenue of $22,500 must be accrued
Monthly payroll is $11,500 and paid once a month on Friday after the month ended. 31 Oct 2018 was on Wednesday.
Some customers advanced $10,500 for maintenance services to be provided next month but this amount hasn’t been recorded.

Requirements:

- Provide journal entries for all transactions that occurred during October 2018.
- Open T-accounts and post all journal entries to the T-accounts. Total all of the T-accounts to determine their balances at the end of the month.

- Provide your handwritten solution – scan or use your phone to copy and paste its image into your assignment. You can use a free scanning app such as Camscanner, OfficeLens, or Google Drive.
- Based on balances from the T-accounts, prepare the trial balance by using an Excel spreadsheet. Present your answers in a normal view, showing columns and rows.
- What are temporary and permanent accounts? From your trial balance, choose four permanent and four temporary accounts.
- From your trial balance, choose two accounts with normal debit balances and two accounts with normal credit balances.
- What are adjusting entries? Why do we have to do adjusting entries? Provide all adjusting entries for Nundle Services in October.
- Using your trial balance in the preceding question and Excel spreadsheet, prepare the ten column worksheet for the month ended 31 October. In the spreadsheet, you are required to have a data section separated from a report section. Use an IF function for Profit or Loss. Present your answers in both normal and formula views, showing columns and rows.
- Using the spreadsheet, prepare three financial reports. Present your answers in both normal and formula views.
- Calculate and evaluate the firm’s current and debt ratios.

Answer 1

Journal entries for October, 2018
Date	Account Titles	Debit	Credit
2 Oct. 18	Cash	$50,000
	Capital		$50,000
	(Being capital introduced in business)
3 Oct. 18	Cash	$30,000
	ANZ Bank Loan		$30,000
	(Being loan taken)
4 Oct. 18	Equipment	$51,000
	Cash		$51,000
	(Being equipment purchased)
5 Oct. 18	Supplies	$6,500
	Accounts Payable		$6,500
8 Oct. 18	Office rent	$7,200
	Cash		$7,200
	(Being rent paid)
10 Oct. 18	Drawings	$2,000
	Cash		$2,000
	(Being drawings received)
17 Oct. 18	Advertising	$4,500
	Cash		$4,500
	(Being advertising expenses paid)
25 Oct. 18	Insurance expenses	$467
	Prepaid insurance	$5,133
	Cash		$5,600
	(Being insurance expenses paid)
Adjustment Entries:
31 Oct. 18	Interest expenses	$125
	Interest payable		$125
	($30,000 x 5% x 1 month/12 months)
31 Oct. 18	Depreciation	$850
	Equipment		$850
31 Oct. 18	Supplies Expenses	$3,400
	Supplies		$3,400
	($6,500 - $3,100)
31 Oct. 18	Accounts Receivable	$22,500
	Revenue		$22,500
31 Oct. 18	Salary	$11,500
	Salary payable		$11,500
31 Oct. 18	Cash	$10,500
	Advance from Customers		$10,500