Question

In an epidemiologic context, define and explain the term confounding. Include in your description an example of confounding. Describe one approach that may be used to mitigate the effect of confounding in the study analysis phase.

Answer 1

Epidemilogy is the study and analysevof distribution ,determinabts and patterns of health and diseases condition in defined population.epidemilogy include the study of transmission ,outbreak of diseases.epidemilogy is a greek word means'the study what is upon the people'.confounding is something related to epidemilogy,confounding is a bias (association between an exposure and health outcomes).a confounding variable or factors are those than can cause diseases such as tobacco,alcohol and smoking .alcohol are the major factor that play role in heart diseases, so all those variables or factor that cause diseases are confounding variables due to which high risk of health loss;there are many methods to restrict these confounding factors but a disadvantage of restriction is that it may be difficult to generalize to the rest of population based on a same study group.,confounding can be controlled through standardization (age,gender,and race ) ,stratified analysis and also it can be controlled by multivariate analysis.