Question

Talk about Water Supply system and how it works and how its useful for use in 2 typed pages long in word.dox, you may provide pictures

Answer 1

The water is the most essential requirement for the existence of the living organisms on the planet. With the changing world, the requirement of water has changed drastically as the water in today’s world is not only useful for drinking but also for meeting the requirements of the industries which are partially or completely dependent on the water supply for the production of their goods.

The water supply mainly focuses on the source and the destination demand. The sources of water have to be analyzed for maintaining uniform distribution of water for all the moths of year. The supply system should be maintained in such a manner that all the demands like domestic, industrial, institutional, commercial, fire and public uses should accommodate the system. The water supply should be functional of population forecast in the supplying region.

In the water supply system for domestic purposes the raw water (required to be treated) is drawn out using intake structures which are placed in the water sources. The intake structures can be simple submerged intakes, intake tower or sluice intakes. From these intakes the water is drawn into the treatment plants where different process of treatment takes place. The water is first subjected to filters where the floating matter is separated from the water, then the water is subjected to sedimentation tanks where the water is made to stand still leading to deposition of heavy particles in the water to settle down in the bottom of the tank.

After completing first cycle of sedimentation the water is subjected to secondary sedimentation tank where flocculation takes place. This will help in settling of dissolved matter present in the raw water. This operation is carried out using flocculants which bind the minor particles with them thus increase the weight of the particulate and help in settling of the same. After completing the sedimentation process the water is supplied to filter beds where the impurities in the water are further extracted in the voids present in the filter beds. This water is then disinfected using lime, iodine, chlorine, ultraviolet rays, or ozone. In this process all the pathogenic bacteria is removed from the water and the water thus resulting is fully portable and completely fit for drinking.

This water is then stored in the reservoirs where the water is drawn to the distribution system whenever required. The storage tanks are of two types in which the first one is surface reservoir or ground reservoir and the second one is the elevated reservoir. The elevated reservoirs are predominantly used in the supply system due to the added advantage of flow through gravity. The elevated reservoirs reduce the power consumption by eradicating the use of pumps for releasing water to the supply network. In some cases the surface reservoirs are also used for storing the water and different pumps are used top transfer the water from the reservoir to the local overhead tanks for further distribution to household.

In the water distribution system should reach each and every place of destination and to achieve this, the pipes are laid down into different networks. The different types of pipe networks include dead end system, grid iron system, ring or circular system and radial system. The system includes lot of mains and sub mains through which the water is supplied to the houses in the area. But in the water distribution system the maintenance of equilibrium in the entire distribution is necessary. To achieve this and to maintain desired pressure in the distribution system the valves like sluice valve, air valve, scour valve and check valve are placed at different position of the distribution system. These valves help in maintaining the pressure in system such that the water flow is increased based on the demography of the region.

The supply system also focuses on the industrial demands. The water channels are provided directly to the industries from the treatment plant in case of requirement of portable water to the industry else if the industries are in need of raw untreated water then the water from the source is directly commuted towards industries from the intake structures through large mains made up of concrete. These mains do not enter the city limits and adopt the short distance to reach the industry.

The water supply system also focuses on the fir demand of the city and water is reserved in the reservoirs situated near the fire hydrants so as to mitigate the fire break out as early as possible. The water which is supplied for the fire hydrants is collected from the same water network serving the locality for domestic purposes.

The water supply undergoes fluctuation based on the users. Thus when the distribution of water is focused on the institutional and commercial requirement then the water pressure is increased using different valves in that region so as to meet the institutional and commercial demands.

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