In: Statistics and Probability
Suppose you think that at least 50% of children would choose chocolate chip as their favorite flavor of ice cream. But I find a survey of 100 children who were asked to identify their favorite flavor of ice cream, and 40 chose chocolate chip. I claim that a minority (in other words, less than 50%) of children actually prefer chocolate chip to any other flavor. (i) What are the null and alternate hypotheses? (ii) Find the test statistic. (iii) Use the p-value method to test the claim using a significance level of LaTeX: \alpha=0.01α = 0.01. Do you reject or fail to reject the null? (iv) Use the critical value method to test the claim using a significance level of LaTeX: \alpha=0.01α = 0.01, drawing a picture with the test statistic and critical value(s), and shade the critical region. Do you reject or fail to reject the null?
Let p denotes the true proportion of children would choose chocolate chip as their favorite flavor of ice cream.