In: Accounting
Return on Investment, Financial Leverage, and DuPont
Analysis
The following tables provide information from the recent annual
reports of HD Rinker, AG.
Balance sheets | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total assets | € 6,108 | € 6,451 | € 7,173 | € 6,972 |
Total liabilities | 5,970 | 4,974 | 4,989 | 5,097 |
Total shareholders' equity | 138 | 1,477 | 2,184 | 1,875 |
Income statements 52 weeks ended | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 |
---|---|---|---|
Sales revenue | € 10,364 | € 9,613 | € 8,632 |
Earnings before interest and taxes | 1,473 | 1,459 | 887 |
Interest expense | 246 | 208 | 237 |
Earnings before income taxes | 1,227 | 1,251 | 650 |
Income tax expense | 377 | 446 | 202 |
Net earnings | € 850 | € 805 | € 448 |
a. Calculate HD Rinker’s return on equity (ROE) for fiscal years
2016, 2015, and 2014.
Round answers to one decimal place (i.e., 0.2568 = 25.7%). Do not
round until your final answer.
2016 | Answer % |
2015 | Answer % |
2014 | Answer % |
b. Calculate HD Rinker’s return on assets (ROA) and return on
financial leverage (ROFL) for each year.
Round answers to one decimal place (i.e., 0.2568 = 25.7%). Do not
round until your final answer.
ROA | ROFL | |
---|---|---|
2016 | Answer % | Answer % |
2015 | Answer % | Answer % |
2014 | Answer % | Answer % |
c. Use the DuPont formulation in the Business Insight on page
230 to analyze the variations in HD Rinker's ROE over this period.
Calculate net profit margin, asset turnover, and financial
leverage.
Do not round until your final answer. Round answers to one decimal
place (i.e., 0.2568 = 25.7%).
NPM | AT | FL | |
---|---|---|---|
2016 | Answer % | Answer | Answer |
2015 | Answer % | Answer | Answer |
2014 | Answer % | Answer | Answer |
A) Calculation for ROE
ROE = net earnings or net income / average shareholder equity
ROE for 2014 = € 448 / [( € 1,875 + € 2,184) /2] = 22.07%
ROE for 2015 = € 805 / [( € 2,184 + € 1,477)/2] = 43.98%
ROE for 2016 = € 850 / [ ( € 1,477 + € 138)/2] = 105.26%
B) Calculation for ROA
ROA = net income / average total assets
ROA for 2014 = € 448/ [ ( € 6,972 + € 7,173)/2] = 6.33%
ROA for 2015.= € 805 / [ ( € 7,173 + € 6,451)/2] = 11.82%
ROA for 2016 = € 850/ [( € 6,451 + € 6,108)/2] = 13.54%
Calculation for ROFL
ROFL = ROE - ROA
ROFL for 2014 = 22.07 % - 6.33 % = 15.74%
ROFL for 2015 = 43.98 % - 11.82 % = 32.16%
ROFL for 2016 = 105.26% - 13.54% = 91.72%
C) Calculation for net profit margin
Net profit margin = net earnings / net sales
Net profit margin for 2014 = € 448/ € 8,632 = 5.19%
Net profit margin for.2015 = € 805/ € 9,613 = 8.37%
Net profit margin for 2016 = € 850/ € 10,364 = 8.20%
Calculation for assets turn over ratio
Assets turn over ratio = net sales / average total assets
Assets turn over ratio for 2014 = € 8,632/ [ (€ 6,972 + € 7,173)/2] = 122.05%
Assets turn over ratio for 2015 = € 9,613/[( € 7,173 + €6,451)/2] = 141.11%
Assets turn over ratio for 2016 = € 10,364/ [( € 6,451 + € 6,108)/2] = 165.04%
Calculation for financial leverage
Financial leverage = EBIT/ [ EBIT - interest ]
Financial leverage for 2014 = € 887 / [ € 887 - € 237] = 136.46%
Financial leverage for 2015 = € 1,459 / [ € 1,459 - € 208] = 116.63%
Financial leverage for 2016 = € 1,473 / [ €1,473 - € 246] = 120.05%