Question

1. Elders with PEM will likely present with?
   1. Obesity, anemia, and elevated serum cholesterol
   2. Recent weight gain, reduced serum albumin (a biomarker of protein status), and fatigue
   3. Recent weight loss, anemia, and reduced serum albumin (a biomarker of protein status)
   4. Weight loss, osteoporosis, and recent broken bone
2. Treatment for coronary heart disease includes which of the following?
   1. Dietary management – The DASH diet
   2. Physical activity
   3. Medications
   4. a and c only
   5. All of these
3. Which of the following statements is true?
   1. Elders with a BMI over 30 kg/m² are obese and need to reduce their BMI to less than 25 kg/m²
   2. Serum cholesterol levels < 200 mg/dL is an increased risk for protein-energy-malnutrition
   3. Low serum albumin levels and weight loss are predictive of hospital readmission and LOS (length of hospital stay)
   4. Serum albumin is the best indicator of malnutrition due to its short half-life
4. Which physiological change that occurs with aging does not influence nutrient metabolism?
   1. Decreased lean body mass
   2. Increased proportion of body fat
   3. Decreased body water
   4. Decreased height
5. The majority of older adults do not use dietary supplements.
   1. True
   2. False

Answer 1

1) Elders with protein energy malnutrition will present with recent weight loss, anemia and reduced serum albumin. The elders with PEM have a recent weight loss because protein is essential for the muscle bulk and as well the serum albumin level is reduced which results in anemia.

c. Recent weight loss, anemia and reduced serum albumin.

The other options are not suitable because the PEM elders will not weight gain, obese and they do not have elevated serum cholesterol.

2) All of these.

The patient with coronary artery disease should have to be treated and managed by the medications, dietary management and physical activity.

3) a. Elders with BMI over 30 kg/m2 are obese and need to reduce their BMI to less than 25 kg/m2.

As we all know that the body mass index over 25 kg/m2 are prone to many disease risk factors. So maintaining a elders BMI to normal is more important.

4) Decrease in height is a physiological change that occurs in aging which will not affect the nutrient metabolism.

The shrinkage of body and decrease in height will not affect the nutrient metabolism.

d. Decrease in height.

The other options influence body's nutrient metabolism.

5) False.

As per the recent study in 2017 reveals that half of the older adults had using dietary supplements in their regular lifestyle in USA. So as per that the dietary supplements are majorly used by elders.