Question

What new opportunities do Artificial intelligence technologies create, and what responses are needed to ensure positive economic effects, inclusivity and equal access to benefits?

This is AI and robots related question, please explain me in details and the major points, please help, needs to understand this!  

Answer 1

Most of the recent enthusiasm about AI was the product of developments in the field known as deep learning, a group of techniques that are focused on artificial neural networks to implement machine learning. These AI systems are loosely modeling the way neurons interact within the brain. Neural networks have several ("deep") layers of simulated interconnected neurons, thus the word "deep learning." While earlier neural networks only had three to five layers and hundreds of neurons, deep learning networks may have ten or more layers, with simulated neurons numbered in the millions.

There are many forms of machine learning: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning, with each ideally suited to different use cases. Many specific functional examples of AI are supervised learning systems. Training data are used in supervised learning, mostly used when labeled data are accessible and desired output variables are known, to help a system learn the relationship of given inputs to a given output for example, recognizing objects in an image, or transcribing human speech.

While new strategies are emerging to tackle them, AI still faces several practical challenges. Machine learning may require much human effort to mark the training data required for supervised learning. In-stream monitoring, in which data can be identified during natural use, and other techniques that help to mitigate this problem. It is also often difficult to acquire data sets that are sufficiently broad and detailed to be used for research – for example, to generate or acquire adequate clinical trial data to more reliably predict health care treatment outcomes.

The introduction of AI technologies and automation will do much to boost the global economy and increase global prosperity. During a time when birth levels are aging and dropping, productivity growth is becoming crucial to long-term development. Also in the near term, productivity growth in industrialized economies has been slow, dropping from 2.4 per cent a decade earlier in the United States and major European economies to an average of 0.5 per cent in 2010–14. As with previous general-purpose technologies, AI has the ability to contribute to the growth of productivity.

The leading enablers of potential economic growth powered by AI, such as investment and research operation, digital absorption, accessibility, and the structure and flexibility of the labor market, vary by region. one of the most important enablers would be the ability to innovate and develop the requisite human capital skills and that competition with AI is likely to be an significant factor influencing potential GDP growth. Countries leading the race to deliver AI have unique strengths which distinguish them. Scale effects allow for more significant investment, and network effects allow these economies to attract the talent they need to make the most of AI.