Why does an ideal gas cool when it expands adiabatically and reversibly?

Expert Solution

genius_generous answered 8 months ago

An ideal, 1-atom gas with a constant amount of substance expands slowly and reversibly from volume...

An ideal, 1-atom gas with a constant amount of substance expands slowly and reversibly from volume V1 to volume V2. At the same time, the pressure drops so that P (V) is a linear function of the volume. The starting permit is given as: V1 = 22.0 liters, P1 = 399,000 Pa The final state is given as: V2 = 32.0 liters, P2 = 299,000 Pa The amount of substance n = 1.00 mol a) Determine the expression and values...

A monatomic ideal gas has an initial temperature of 381 K. This gas expands and does...

A monatomic ideal gas has an initial temperature of 381 K. This gas expands and does the same amount of work whether the expansion is adiabatic or isothermal. When the expansion is adiabatic, the final temperature of the gas is 290 K. What is the ratio of the final to the initial volume when the expansion is isothermal?

A gas turbine expands air adiabatically at 1000 kPa and 550 ⁰C to 120 kPa and...

A gas turbine expands air adiabatically at 1000 kPa and 550 ⁰C to 120 kPa and 130⁰C. Air enters the turbine through a 0.25 m 2 opening with an aveage velocity of 45 m/s, and exhausts through a 1 m2 opening. Assume the air is ideal gas with constant specific heats. Take the constant pressure specific heat and gas constant of air as Cp= 1.05 kJ/(kg K) and R=0.287 kJ/(kg K), respectively. Determine; (a) the mass flow rate of air...

A heat engine with a monatomic ideal gas reversibly goes through the following cycle. A ⟶...

A heat engine with a monatomic ideal gas reversibly goes through the following cycle. A ⟶ B is an isothermal process. B⟶ C is an isovolumetric process. C⟶ A is an adiabatic process. (i) Determine the work done on the ideal gas during each cycle of this heat engine, (ii) Determine the heat flow into the gas during each cycle of this heat engine (iii) Determine the net work done by one cycle (iv) Determine the efficiency of this heat...

4. An ideal gas in a moveable piston is allowed to reversibly expand by slowly heating...

4. An ideal gas in a moveable piston is allowed to reversibly expand by slowly heating at constant pressure. a. (10 pts) Derive the equation for the work done (w reversible) as a function of the initial and final temperatures. b. (10 pts) Derive the equation for the change in heat in the system (q). c. (10 pts) Derive the equation for the change in entropy.

An ideal gas expands isobarically (constant pressure) from point A to point B. The gas is...

An ideal gas expands isobarically (constant pressure) from point A to point B. The gas is compressed isothermally (constant temperature) from point B to C. Finally, the gas goes through an isochoric (constant volume) process until it returns to point A. Given: Volume at point A = Volume at point C = 0.004 m3, Volume at point B = 0.008 m3, Pressure at point A = Pressure at point B = 1,000,000 Pa, Temperature at point A = 600 K....

An ideal gas with Cp = 2.5R at 298 K and 5.00 bar is adiabatically throttled...

An ideal gas with Cp = 2.5R at 298 K and 5.00 bar is adiabatically throttled to 1.00 bar. If the flow rate of gas is 1.71 mol/s, and the surroundings are at a temperature of 3°C, what is the rate of lost work, in kW? Please give your answer to 3 SF, and be very careful with units.

Three moles of an ideal gas expand isothermally and reversibly from 90 to 300 L at...

Three moles of an ideal gas expand isothermally and reversibly from 90 to 300 L at 300 K. a) Calculate ΔUm, ΔSm, w per mole, and q per mole. b) If the expansion is carried out irreversibly by allowing the gas to expand rapidly into a vacuum, determine ΔUm, ΔSm, w per mole, and q per mole

An adiabatic gas turbine uses air to produce work. Air expands adiabatically from 600 kPa and...

An adiabatic gas turbine uses air to produce work. Air expands adiabatically from 600 kPa and 287 C to 90 kPa and 67 C. Take specific heats at room temperature (300 K). a) Find the isentropic efficiency of the turbine. b) Find the work produced by the turbine for a mass flow rate of 2.5 kg/s. c) If the mass flow rate of air is again 2.5 kg/s, find the entropy generation under steady conditions

Ten moles of an ideal gas at 5 bar and 600 K is expanded adiabatically till...

Ten moles of an ideal gas at 5 bar and 600 K is expanded adiabatically till its pressure becomes 1/5th the initial pressure. Then its compressed at constant pressure and finally heated at constant volume to return to its initial state, calculate: (a) heat transfer (b) work transfer (c) internal energy and enthalpy change for each process, and for the entire cycle.Based on the results of internal energy change and enthalpy change, is the entire process follows the condition of...

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