Question

7 The Internet Bill of Rights

8 The Yes Men

9 Theseus

10 Title II (1934 Telecommunications Act)

11 Vannevar Bush

12 Viewer Society

13 Virtual Sit-in

14 Memex

15 Immediacy / Hypermediacy

16 IMP

17 Information bubble

18 Floodnet

19 Cultural jamming

answer questions

1 What is/are materiality of the digital? Discuss how materiality of the digital informs current debates on the Internet. (Brown, Starosielski, Holt & Vonderau)

2 How do digital media contribute to contemporary forms of surveillance? What are the events that have shaped digital surveillance? (Lyon, Andrejevic)

Answer 1

Question 7)
Answer:
The Internet Bill of Rights is comprehensive. Its main goals are to make sure net neutrality, protection of citizens from warrantless government mass surveillance, and providing more control to consumers and users over their personal data. The Internet Bill of Rights is necessary so it safeguards consumers or users making sure fairness, human dignity, and openness. It thus has six main principles:
* The right of a user or a consumer to universal web access.
* The right of a user or a consumer to net neutrality.
* The right of a user or a consumer so they are free from the metadata collection carried out without any warrant.
* The right of a user or consumer for disclosing the nature, amount, and dates of secret government data requests.
* The right of a user or consumer of him/her being fully informed of the scope of use of data.
* The right of a user or consumer of him/her being fully informed as and when there are changes of control over data.

Question 13)
Answer:
A virtual sit-in is an electronic civil disobedience form. Its name is derived from the sit-ins that were popular in the 1960s during the civil rights movement. It makes an attempt for recreating that same action, but digitally using a Distributed Denial-of-Service attack (DDOS). Activists in hundreds all, attempt for accessing a target or victim's website all, at the same time and repetitively, during a virtual sit-in. If successful, it will make the target or victim's website run slowly, rendering webpages slowly, or even collapse the website entirely, thus making it unavailable for others, and preventing everyone else from accessing it.

Question 17)
Answer:
An information bubble, which is also called a media bubble or filter bubble is basically a pop-up image, graphics, video, or window on a website providing supplementary information. The gallery website would have information bubbles with advertisements, offers, banners, artist biographies, events, and many other interesting facts. These would appear when a user hovers his computer mouse pointer over a related another advertisement, offer, event, banner, or painting. An example, an information bubble with author biographies when a user is hovering over a book or reading it online. It is a state of intellectual isolation. It supposedly results from personalized searches when an algorithm of a website selectively guesses and predicts what information a user may want or like to see next depending on the information about the user, his demographic details, such as location, his online activities, and behavior, his previous searches made, visits to websites, or past click-behavior.

Question 18)
Answer:
FloodNet is basically a computer-based program. It was created by the Electronic Disturbance theater company's members. It is a flood warning system. It was developed as a device. It was software developed for orchestrating collective electronic civil disobedience, indulging in the disruption of access to the targeted or victim's website flooding the host server with requests for that website.

FloodNet was a tool meant for empowered net citizens for participating and indulging in non-violent electronic civil disobedience digital action in solidarity with the Zapatistas.

Question 19)
Answer:
Culture jamming is a form of activism carried out politically and socially . It is a performative or a visual protest tactic. It is carried out through hoax news stories, fake advertisements, imitation or parody of company product labels and logos, computer hacking, etc., drawing attention to and simultaneously subverting the media, governments, and large corporations power for distorting and controlling the information they provide to the public for promoting militarism, consumerism, etc.