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In: Statistics and Probability

*Should causality be assessed before or after evaluating validity? Why?    *At the completion of a...

*Should causality be assessed before or after evaluating validity? Why?
  

*At the completion of a study, a statistical test was performed and a P value of .02 was obtained. State the meaning of this P value. Are these results statistically significant? Why?

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Expert Solution

*Should causality be assessed before or after evaluating validity? Why?

The causality should be assessed before evaluated validity, because there would not effect of the causality on the results of the study or any corresponding estimates under study.

*At the completion of a study, a statistical test was performed and a P value of .02 was obtained. State the meaning of this P value. Are these results statistically significant? Why?

For this study, the P-value is given as 0.02. We know that the results are statistically significant if the P-value is less than the level of significance or alpha value. For this study, the level of significance is not given, so we assume or consider a default level of significance as 5% or alpha as 0.05. So, P-value of .02 is less than alpha value .05, so we reject the null hypothesis. This means, results are statistically significant at 5% level of significance.

Note that the results are not statistically significant at 1% level of significance because P-value 0.02 is greater than the alpha value 0.01. so, deciding whether results are statistically significant are mainly based on given level of significance.

orchestra answered 2 years ago
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