Question

how do neurons communicate ?

Answer 1

Neurons communicate with each other through synapses. Synapses are sites where signals are transmitted in the form of chemical messengers. It is at the synapse that electrical impulse arriving from the axon are converted into chemical signals.

At the end of axon terminals, there are synaptic vesicles which release neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are chemical molecules that fit into receptor sites on the next cell, thereby stimulating or inhibiting the firing of that particular cell.

The sensory receptors are exposed to stimuli, such as light, sound, temperature, etc. It is then transformed into a code that is carried to the brain by a chain of neurons. It leads to triggering of electrical signals which are generated through the neuron.

For long distance communication, neurons have evolved certain special abilities for sending the electrical signals called as Action Potentials. Action potentials take place along Axons. This process is known as Conduction, that is referring to the conduction between the cell body of a neuron with its own terminals throught the axons.