Question

Please briefly explain "Ligand-field splitting and relationship to UV-vis; a brief intro with relevant example(s)". Don't copy and paste from internet.

Answer 1

In co-ordination complexes, metal ion and ligands are attached through an electostatic interaction by using their filled/half-filled/empty orbitals. Electrons are transit in these orbitals by using energy packets which shows the energy difference between metal and ligand orbitals (for ex. eg and t₂g). This difference explains splitting between the orbitals for their respective geometry in co-ordination complexes. The splitting is called ligand field splitting and the energy difference is called crystal field splitting energy (). This splitting is based on the molecular orbitals (Ligand to metal or metal to ligand) of the complexes. Ligand field splitting depends on three types of geometry of metal and ligands which are octahedral, tetrahedral and square planner complexes.

Transition of electrons between orbitals (for ex. eg and t₂g or d-d transition) causes the energy difference which revels in the uv-visible spectroscopy in the form of energy. for ex.-