Question

4. What is subjective validation? How does it trick people into believing that their horoscopes are accurate?

5. What is confirmation bias? How does confirmation bias trick people into believing in astrology.

6. How do smart people get tricked into believing that bogus treatments, therapies, remedies actually work when they do not?

Answer 1

4. Subjective validation is when a person thinks a statement is true and correct if it has something to do with them and is somehow related to them and their lives. People who believe in horoscopes use this phenomenon . When they see their horoscope to mention general things that are actually related to them and their lives they believe it to be true .

5. A confirmation bias is a sort of cognitive bias that includes favoring information which confirms already existing convictions or biases.

For instance, envision that a man holds a conviction that left-handed people are more creative than right-handed people. At whatever point this individual experiences a man that is both left-handed and creative, they put more noteworthy significance on this "evidence" supports what they as of now accept. This individual may even look for "proof" that further goes down this conviction while marking down examples that don't support the thought.

It has likewise been demonstrated that confirmation bias is a mental factor that adds to faith in astrology.Confirmation bias is a type of cognitive bias.

From the writing, astrology devotees frequently have a tendency to selectively recall those forecasts that ended up being true, and don't recollect those that turned out false. Another, different, type of confirmation bias likewise assumes a part, where devotees regularly neglect to recognize messages that show unique capacity and those that don't.

6. Psychotherapy and hypnosis relies on the healing power of expectation and suggestion it is called the placebo effect.
At the end of the day, it is the quality of the relationship formed between the therapist and the client that is the most important curative factor in counselling or psychotherapy. To some extent , psychotherapy's effectiveness seems to reside in the placebo effect.
If a person has strong believe that they will be fine after counselling or psychotherapy , there are chances that they recover from theor problem very easily amd quickly . This can be explained by the placebo effect .