Question

1). Define young’s modulus, shear modulus, and bulk modulus

2). Show a graph of variation of K.E., P.E., and mechanical energy with radius r for a satellite in a circular orbit

3). Describe Einstein’s view of the gravitation and curvature of space

Answer 1

1) Bulk modulus - The bulk modulus is a constant the describes how resistant a substance is to compression. It is defined as the ratio between pressure increase and the resulting decrease in a material's volume.

Shear modulus :- The shear modulus is defined as the ratio of shear stress to shear strain. It is also known as the modulus of rigidity and may be denoted by G or less commonly by S or μ. The SI unit of shear modulus is the Pascal (Pa), but values are usually expressed in gigapascals (GPa).

Young modulus - Young’s modulus, numerical constant, named for the 18th-century English physician and physicist Thomas Young, that describes the elastic properties of a solid undergoing tension or compression in only one direction, as in the case of a metal rod that after being stretched or compressed lengthwise returns to its original length. Young’s modulus is a measure of the ability of a material to withstand changes in length when under lengthwise tension or compression

3) _ Einstein argued that gravity isn’t a force at all. He described it as a curvature of time and space caused by mass and energy.

1. Time and space are neither flat nor fixed; they are curved and distorted by mass and energy.

2. Gravity is not a force, but rather a distortion of time and space.

3. The effects of gravity are indistinguishable from the effects of acceleration, over a small space.