Question

11 year old complains of wheezing and shortness of breathe when playing baseball and symptoms improve with rest. neighbors have cats and his alergic to cat dander. Explain the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes that result in the patient presenting with these symptoms. Any racial and ethical variables that may impact physiological functioning. How these processes interact to ffect the patient.

Answer 1

Ans. As child have allergy from the neighbor's Cat . If allergens from the cat has been transferred to the patient , patient will have immune response.

When allergen enter in body , something you breath in through your respiratory tract, .it will stimulate the growth of Th2 cells .

Eosinophils (WBC) will gather in respiratory tract when they detect the presence of allergens .

Mastocytes ( Which are rich in histamine ). Will be stimulated and release histamine and inflammatory factors , thus causing a lot of inflammation in the body (like redness , swelling , itchiness ,hot feeling).

As mastocytes are stimulated and with the release of all the histamine -it causes allergic reaction.

If allergens go in lungs , person may have start coughing , then wheezing, and may develop asthma . This is how allergy reaction happen.

Allergy can stop when there is reduction in the exposure to allergens but immunity response will still happen .

As multiple time exposure of the allergens , can leads to sever asthma ,which can cause the

Inflammation of air way , a hypersecretion of mucus, airway muscle constriction, swelling bronchiole memberane .these all change make the passage narrow and result in breathing difficulty , wheezing ,chest tightness.

When lesser oxygen is able enter in Lungs patient may have hypoxemia . Cardiac muscle need appropriate oxygen amount for contraction 24hours . Now less oxygen or deoxygenated blood. Can cause mayocardial infarction and result in death of cardiac muscles, hence reduction in pumping activity of the heart. Other organs may also under anaerobic respiration And degeneration of organs..

These allergens can also cause destruction or inflammation of vessel results in vasculitis.

Que2.Black patient are more likely to exhibit the eosinophilic airway inflammation, than whites as Africa American are most at high risk , despite taking comparable doses of asthma medication such as corticosteroids .

White have 7.6% of risk for asthma but 10.6% in black.

These groups have genetic predisposition factors responsible for the higher risk of asthma ( intrinsic factors ) . Genetic predisposition factors leads the allergic response of body in lungs leads to swelling of bronchiole memberane and narrowing of the passageAnd show symptoms of wheezing and shortness of Breathing along with many other symptoms.

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