3. Determine the effect upon equilibrium price and quantity sold if the following changes occur in a particular market:

a. Consumers’ income increases and the good is normal.

b. The price of a substitute good (in consumption) increases.

c. The price of a substitute good (in production) increases

d. The price of a complement good (in consumption) increases

e. The price of inputs used to produce the good increases.

f. Consumers expect that the price of the good will increase in the near future.

g. It is widely publicized that consumption of the good is hazardous to health.

h. Cost reducing technological change takes place in the industry.

For each of the pair of events indicated below, perform qualitative analysis to predict the direction of change in either the equilibrium price or equilibrium quantity. Explain why the change is indeterminate.

a. Both a and h conditions occur simultaneously.

b. Both d and e conditions occur simultaneously.

c. Both d and h conditions occur simultaneously.

d. Both f and c conditions occur simultaneously.

**Subject: Studying Abroad--Business Marketing**

What do you hope to gain from the experience of studying abroad in Ireland?

0. Why does the bandwidth of the amplifier play a role in determining the reso- lution of the system?

Marv Johnson, city manager of Filkburg, Virginia, wants to develop a better understanding of the factors that influence vehicles maintenance and costs. Mr. Johnson has data on 100 vehicles in the city’s vehicle fleet. The dependent variable is the annual maintenance cost per vehicle (MCOST). The independent variables include total vehicle mileage (TMILE), a dummy variable coded1 for emergency service vehicles and coded 0 for all other types of vehicles (VTYPE). Assist Mr. Johnson by generating a regression equation using these data. What substantive conclusions can be reached about factors that affect vehicle maintenance costs?

c. Net income before income tax of $150,000 is desired after covering $410,000 of fixed cost. What

minimum contribution margin ratio must be maintained if total sales revenue is to be $1,600,000?

d. Net income before income tax is 20% of sales revenue, the contribution margin ratio is 60%, and

the break-even dollar sales is $200,000. What is the amount of total revenue?

e. Total fixed cost is $350,000, variable cost per unit is $26, and unit sales price is $50. What dollar

sales volume will generate an after-tax net income of $60,000 when the income tax rate is 40%?

P6-10B. Break-Even and Net Income Planning Venice Company has recently leased facilities for the manu-

facture of a new product. Based on studies made by its accounting personnel, the following data are

available:

Estimated annual sales ........................................ 60,000 units

Estimated Costs Amount Unit Cost

Direct materials............................................... $ 870,000 $14.50

Direct labor .................................................. 750,000 12.50

Manufacturing overhead........................................ 384,000 6.40

Administrative expenses........................................ 228,000

3.80

$2,232,000 $37.20

Selling expenses are expected to be 20% of sales, and the selling price is $82 per unit. Ignore income

tax in this problem.

Required

a. Compute a break-even point in dollars and in units. Assume that manufacturing overhead and

administrative expenses are fixed but that other costs are variable.

b. What would net income before income tax be if 40,000 units were sold?

c. How many units must be sold to earn a net income before income tax of 10% of sales?

P6-11B. Multiple Product Break-Even and Net Income Planning Madison Company manufactures and

sells the following three products:

Red Blue Green

Unit sales ............................................ 20,000 30,000 50,000

Unit sales price........................................ $30 $62 $18

Unit variable cost ...................................... $18 $38 $14

Required

Assume that total fixed cost is $324,800.

a. Compute the net income before income tax based on the sales volumes shown above.

b. Compute the break-even point in total dollars of revenue and in specific unit sales volume for

each product.

c. Prove your break-even calculations by computing the total contribution margin related to your

answer in requirement (b).

EXTENDING YOUR KNOWLEDGE

EYK6-1. Business Decision Case The following total cost data are for Ralston Manufacturing Company,

which has a normal capacity per period of 400,000 units of product that sell for $18 each. For the

foreseeable future, regular sales volume should continue at normal capacity of production.

Solution 6.1

y-intercept 5 Total fixed costs of $5.000

Slope 5 Variable cost per unit of approximately $0.50 per water bottle cage

Total cost 5 ($0.50 3 # of water bottle cages) 1 $5,000

$25,000 5 $0.50 3 40,000 1 $5,000

Direct materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,720,000

Direct labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,120,000

Variable overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560,000

Fixed overhead (Note 1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880,000

Selling expense (Note 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720,000

Administrative expense (fixed) 200,000

$5,200,000

Notes:

1. Beyond normal capacity, fixed overhead cost increases $30,000 for each 20,000 units or fraction

thereof until a maximum capacity of 640,000 units is reached.

2. Selling expenses are a 10% sales commission. Ralston pays only one-half of the regular sales

commission rates on any sale of 20,000 or more units.

Ralston’s sales manager has received a special order for 48,000 units from a large discount chain at a

special price of $16 each, F.O.B. factory. The controller’s office has furnished the following additional

cost data related to the special order:

1. Changes in the product’s construction will reduce direct materials $1.80 per unit.

2. Special processing will add 25% to the per-unit direct labor costs.

3. Variable overhead will continue at the same proportion of direct labor costs.

4. Other costs should not be affected.

Required

a. Present an analysis supporting a decision to accept or reject the special order. Assume Ralston’s

regular sales are not affected by this special order.

b. What is the lowest unit sales price Ralston could receive and still make a before-tax profit of

$39,600 on the special order?

Operartion reasearch course

To prepare for the Ramadhan month, Lula supermarket must determine the how many breads that the supermarket must stock. There are three types of breads that the supermarket is considering, i.e. bread A, B and C. The cost of per unit of each bread is shown in the Table below.

The supermarket has allocated a budget of SAR 2,000 for the breads. The selling price of bread A, B and C is SAR 3, SAR 2.5 and SAR 1.75 per unit, respectively. From last year data, the predicted maximum demand of bread A, B and C is 400, 500 and 300 units, respectively. The supermarket has a capacity of 1,000 units of bread and the manager want to stock up completely.

Formulate a linear programming model for this problem to determine the number of units of each bread to order so as to maximize profit.

a) Calculate the pH in 0.030M H2SO3(Ka1=1.5

def get_words(filename):
'''
(str) -> list of str
  
Given the name of a file which contains many words
(one word per line), return a list of all these words.
  
The file may have comments and a blank space at the beginning
of the file, which should be ignored. All comment lines start with
a semicolon ';'.
'''

Python

For each of the following: 1. Write the four quantum numbers (estimate m_l and m_s) 2. Write the ground state electron configuration (shorthand and full notation) 3. Write out the arrow notation 4. Indicate how many unpaired electrons there are 5. Determine the amount of valence elctrons there are and draw the cooresponding Lewis Dot Formula a. N b. Ge c. Pb d. Mo e. Ca²⁺   f. Cl-

1) Name the four important perspectives of organizational effectiveness. Explain each approach. (400 words)

Note that essay questions should be answered with due attention to their organization (do not just post a lump of text, make sure to organize it in paragraphs, sections and headings). An answer should have an introductory statement or two that lists/states the main concepts and outlines what will happen in the main body. Next, you should elaborate on each important concept that has been listed in detail with examples and illustrations as needed.

Your department has planned sales of  $573,500 for the season. The turnover goal for the season is 1.8. Using the form develop a six-month merchandise plan on the basis of the following information.  Please submit your completed file in the essay Test 2 "assignment"  

Markdowns: 13%

Operating expenses 40%

Profit 7.5%

Cash Discounts 1.9%

% of Season’s                           % of Season

Month                    Sales                                      Markdowns

February                 13%                                               15.5%

March                     15%                                          12.5%

April                    19%                                      16%

May                         21%                                  18.5%

June                      20%                                      18%

July    12%                                    19.5%

a. Calculate the initial markup %.

b.Distribute monthly planned sales.

c. Determine monthly dollar markdowns.

d. Determine BOM stock figures.

e. Find monthly planned purchases at retail.

F. Find monthly planned purchases at cost.

Calculate the molar solubility of a solution of BaCO3 (Kip = 5x10^-9) in a solution buffered at pH= 6.5.

For H2CO3, K1=4.45 x 10^-7 and K3 = 4.69 x 10^-11.

A red ball is thrown down with an initial speed of 1 m/s from a height of 26 meters above the ground. Then, 0.6 seconds after the red ball is thrown, a blue ball is thrown upward with an initial speed of 23.5 m/s, from a height of 1 meters above the ground. The force of gravity due to the earth results in the balls each having a constant downward acceleration of 9.81 m/s².

What is the speed of the red ball right before it hits the ground?

How long does it take the red ball to reach the ground?

What is the maximum height the blue ball reaches?

What is the height of the blue ball 1.9 seconds after the red ball is thrown?

How long after the red ball is thrown are the two balls in the air at the same height?