Paper I: Letter to the CEO

RE: - Accounting Principles: Why ethics is a fundamental business concept

Accounting is an information system that identifies, records, and communicates the economic events of an organization to interested users. Because of the confidential nature to which the creating and maintaining of these reports are handled, honesty and integrity are highly regarded traits to the hospitality professional accountant. Professional ethics, or the standards of conduct to which actions are judged to be right or wrong, depends on the honesty of the individuals you deal with as a manager of a business.

For this paper, assume you are the Director of Operations for a hypothetical chain of 24 mid-service roadside motels. The CEO of the chain has sent you a memo stating that he would like to replace the current accounting firm that handles all the operational accounting for the firm. The reason he has decided that their services are no longer needed was not made evident to you in the memo. However, you suspect it may have something to do with the fact that their accounting practices were brought up as “questionable” at last month’s operations meeting, where last cycles income statements were openly discussed and examined by upper management.


The CEO further outlines in his memo that he wishes for you to begin researching new accounting firms. Write a letter addressed to the CEO, Days Inn of America outlining how you propose to value ethical conduct when interviewing prospective companies. In your letter, you should include / address the following areas:

1. Your “personal” philosophy on ethics as a fundamental business concept
2. How you plan on identifying and analyzing the principle elements of business ethics within the prospective accounting firms (be specific)
3. How you plan to ensure the non-ethical conduct of the previous firm will not happen again (internal control measures) specifically under three headings:

a. Cost analysis
b. Analysis of new contracts
c. Participation in efforts to control expenses efficiently
4. An analysis of what challenges you anticipate facing during this project

In your summary you should address the following questions:

What is simple diffusion?

What factors determine the amount of solute that can diffuse across a cell membrane?

How does facilitated diffusion differ from simple diffusion?

What is active transport and how does it differ from diffusion?

What are the characteristics of active transport?

What are the two types of active transport?

I am having issues using bool CustomerList::updateStore(). I am using strcpy in order to update input for the Store class, but all I am getting is the same input from before. Here is what I am trying to do:

Ex.

(1234, "Name", "Street Address", "City", "State", "Zip")

Using the function bool CustomerList::updateStore()

Updating..successful

New Address:

(1234, "Store", "111 Main St.", "Townsville", "GA", "67893")

CustomerList.h

#pragma once;

#include
#include "Store.h"

class CustomerList
{

   public:
       Store *m_pHead;
       CustomerList();
       ~CustomerList();
       bool addStore(Store *s);
       Store *removeStore(int ID);
       Store *getStore(int ID);
       bool updateStore(int ID, char *name, char *addr, char *city, char *st, char *zip);
       void printStoresInfo();

  
};

CustomerList.cpp

#include

#include "CustomerList.h"

#include "Store.h"

using namespace std;

CustomerList::CustomerList()

{
m_pHead = NULL;
}

CustomerList::~CustomerList()

{
delete m_pHead;
}

bool CustomerList:: addStore(Store *s)

{

if(m_pHead==NULL)

   {
       m_pHead = new Store(s->getStoreID(),s->getStoreName(), s->getStoreAddress(), s->getStoreCity(), s->getStoreState(), s->getStoreZip());
       return true;
   }

else

{
   Store * temp;

       temp=m_pHead;

       while(temp->m_pNext != NULL)

       {
           temp = temp->m_pNext;
       }

       temp->m_pNext = new Store(s->getStoreID(),s->getStoreName(), s->getStoreAddress(), s->getStoreCity(), s->getStoreState(), s->getStoreZip());

   return true;
}

}

Store *CustomerList::removeStore(int ID)

{

Store *temp, *back;
temp = m_pHead;
back = NULL;

while((temp != NULL)&&(ID != temp ->getStoreID()))

   {
       back=temp;
       temp=temp->m_pNext;
   }

if(temp==NULL)
return NULL;

else if(back==NULL)
   {
       m_pHead = m_pHead ->m_pNext;
       return temp;
   }

else

   {
       back -> m_pNext = temp-> m_pNext;
       return temp;
   }

return NULL;

}

Store *CustomerList::getStore(int ID)

{

Store *temp;

temp = m_pHead;

while((temp != NULL) && (ID != temp ->getStoreID()))

   {
           temp = temp->m_pNext;
   }

       if(temp == NULL)
       return NULL;

else

   {

       Store *retStore = new Store();
       *retStore = *temp;
       retStore->m_pNext = NULL;
       return retStore;

   }

}

bool CustomerList::updateStore(int ID, char *name, char *addr, char *city, char *st, char *zip)

   {
       Store *temp;
       temp = m_pHead;

           while((temp!= NULL)&&(ID != temp->getStoreID()))
           {
               temp = temp->m_pNext;
           }

               if(temp == NULL)
               {
                   return false;
               }

               else
               {
                       strcpy(temp->getStoreName(),name);
                       strcpy(temp->getStoreAddress(),addr);
                       strcpy(temp->getStoreCity(),city);
                       strcpy(temp->getStoreState(),st);
                       strcpy(temp->getStoreZip(),zip);
                       return true;
               }
          
          
   }

void CustomerList::printStoresInfo()

{

Store *temp;

if(m_pHead == NULL)

{
       cout << " The List is empty.\n" ;
}

   else

   {

   temp = m_pHead;

       while(temp != NULL)

       {
       temp->printStoreInfo();
       temp = temp->m_pNext;
       }

   }

}

Store.h

#pragma once;

#include
#include

using namespace std;

class Store
{
   private:
       int       m_iStoreID;
       char   m_sStoreName[64];
       char   m_sAddress[64];
       char   m_sCity[32];
       char   m_sState[32];
       char   m_sZip[11];

   public:
       Store   *m_pNext;

       Store();                       // Default constructor
       Store(int ID,                   // Constructor
           char *name,
           char *addr,
           char *city,
           char *st,
           char *zip);
       ~Store();                       // Destructor
       int getStoreID();               // Get/Set store ID
       void setStoreID(int ID);
       char *getStoreName();           // Get/Set store name
       void setStoreName(char *name);
       char *getStoreAddress();       // Get/Set store address
       void setStoreAddress(char *addr);
       char *getStoreCity();           // Get/Set store city
       void setStoreCity(char *city);
       char *getStoreState();           // Get/Set store state
       void setStoreState(char *state);
       char *getStoreZip();           // Get/Set store zip code
       void setStoreZip(char *zip);
       void printStoreInfo();           // Print all info on this store
};

Store.cpp

#include "Store.h"

#include

using namespace std;

Store::Store()
{
   m_pNext = NULL;
}

Store::Store(int ID, char *name, char *addr, char *city, char *st, char *zip)
{
   m_iStoreID = ID;
   strcpy(m_sStoreName, name);
   strcpy(m_sAddress, addr);
   strcpy(m_sCity, city);
   strcpy(m_sState, st);
   strcpy(m_sZip, zip);
   m_pNext = NULL;
}

Store::~Store()
{
   // Nothing to do here
}

int Store::getStoreID()
{
   return m_iStoreID;
}

void Store::setStoreID(int ID)
{
   m_iStoreID = ID;
}

char *Store::getStoreName()
{
   char *name = new char[strlen(m_sStoreName) + 1];
   strcpy(name, m_sStoreName);
   return name;
}

void Store::setStoreName(char *name)
{
   strcpy(m_sStoreName, name);
}

char *Store::getStoreAddress()
{
   char *addr = new char[strlen(m_sAddress) + 1];
   strcpy(addr, m_sAddress);
   return addr;
}

void Store::setStoreAddress(char *addr)
{
   strcpy(m_sAddress, addr);
}

char *Store::getStoreCity()
{
   char *city = new char[strlen(m_sCity) + 1];
   strcpy(city, m_sCity);
   return city;
}

void Store::setStoreCity(char *city)
{
   strcpy(m_sCity, city);
}

char *Store::getStoreState()
{
   char *state = new char[strlen(m_sState) + 1];
   strcpy(state, m_sState);
   return state;
}

void Store::setStoreState(char *state)
{
   strcpy(m_sState, state);
}

char *Store::getStoreZip()
{
   char *zip = new char[strlen(m_sZip) + 1];
   strcpy(zip, m_sZip);
   return zip;
}

void Store::setStoreZip(char *zip)
{
   strcpy(m_sZip, zip);
}

void Store::printStoreInfo()
{
   cout << m_iStoreID << setw(20) << m_sStoreName << setw(15) << m_sAddress
       << setw(15) << m_sCity << ", " << m_sState << setw(10) << m_sZip << "\n";
}

Employee Record.h

#pragma once
#include "CustomerList.h"
class EmployeeRecord
{
private:
int m_iEmployeeID;
char m_sLastName[32];
char m_sFirstName[32];
int m_iDeptID;
double m_dSalary;
         
public:
     
           CustomerList *getCustomerList();
           CustomerList *m_pCustomerList;

           //The default constructor
EmployeeRecord();

       EmployeeRecord(int ID, char *fName, char *lName, int dept, double sal);

  
~EmployeeRecord();

int getID();

  
void setID(int ID);

  
void getName(char *fName, char *lName);

  
void setName(char *fName, char *lName);

int getDept();

void setDept(int d);

double getSalary();

void setSalary(double sal);

void printRecord();

         
};

Employee Record.cpp

#include
#include "EmployeeRecord.h"
#include "CustomerList.h"

using namespace std;

//Default Constructor

EmployeeRecord::EmployeeRecord()
{

// The default constructor shall set the member variables to the following
m_iEmployeeID = 0;
m_sFirstName[0] = '\0';
m_sLastName[0] = '\0';
m_iDeptID = 0;
m_dSalary = 0.0;
}

EmployeeRecord::EmployeeRecord(int ID, char *fName, char *lName, int dept, double sal)
{

  
strcpy(m_sFirstName, fName);
strcpy(m_sLastName, lName);

m_iEmployeeID = ID;
m_iDeptID = dept;
m_dSalary = sal;
fName = NULL;
lName = NULL;
}

// Default Desctrutor

EmployeeRecord::~EmployeeRecord()
{
   delete m_pCustomerList;
}

int EmployeeRecord:: getID()
{
return m_iEmployeeID;

}

void EmployeeRecord::setID(int ID)
{
  
m_iEmployeeID = ID;

}

void EmployeeRecord::getName(char *fName, char *lName)
{
  

strcpy(fName, m_sFirstName);
strcpy(lName, m_sLastName);
  

}

void EmployeeRecord::setName(char *fName, char *lName)
{
  
strcpy(m_sFirstName, fName);
strcpy(m_sLastName, lName);

}

int EmployeeRecord::getDept()
{
  
return m_iDeptID;
  
}

void EmployeeRecord::setDept(int d)
{
m_iDeptID = d;
  
}

double EmployeeRecord::getSalary()
{
  
return m_dSalary;
  

}

void EmployeeRecord::setSalary(double sal)
{
  
m_dSalary = sal;

}

void EmployeeRecord::printRecord()
{

cout << "ID: " << m_iEmployeeID << "\t";
   cout << "\tName: " << m_sLastName << " , " << m_sFirstName << "\t";
   cout << "\tDept: " << m_iDeptID << "\t" << "\t";
   cout << "Salary: $" << m_dSalary << "\t" << endl << endl;

}

CustomerList *EmployeeRecord::getCustomerList()
{
   CustomerList *m_pCustomerList = new CustomerList();
   return m_pCustomerList;
}

MainProgram.cpp

#include
#include "EmployeeRecord.h"
#include
using namespace std;

int main()
{

   int employee_id = 100, dept_id = 42, IDNum;
   char fname [32];
   char lname [32];
   double salary = 65000;
   double salaryp;
   double *p_salary ;

   salaryp = 65000;
   p_salary = &salaryp;

   //=========================================================================EmployeeRecord Testing==========================================================================================
      
   EmployeeRecord *Employee1 = new EmployeeRecord(dept_id, fname, lname, dept_id, salary);
   Employee1->setID(employee_id);
   Employee1->setName("John", "Doe");
   Employee1->setDept(42);
   Employee1->setSalary(salary);

   IDNum = Employee1-> getID();
   Employee1->getName(fname,lname);
   Employee1->getDept();
   Employee1->getSalary();

   if(IDNum == employee_id)
       //Test Successful
   if((strcmp(fname, "John") == 0)&&(strcmp(lname,"Doe") == 0))
       //Test Successful
   if(dept_id == 42)
       //Test Successful
   if(*p_salary == salary)
       //Test Successful
     
   Employee1->printRecord();

   Employee1->setID(456);
   Employee1->setName("Jane", "Smith");
   Employee1->setDept(45);
   Employee1->setSalary(4000);

   IDNum = Employee1-> getID();
   Employee1->getName(fname,lname);
   Employee1->getDept();
   Employee1->getSalary();

   if(IDNum == 456)
       //Test Successful
   if((strcmp(fname, "Jane") == 0)&&(strcmp(lname,"Smith") == 0))
       //Test Successful
   if(dept_id == 45)
       //Test Successful
   if(*p_salary == 4000)

   Employee1->printRecord();

   //=====================================Customer List Testing====================================

   cout <<"\n===============================================================================================================" << endl;
   cout <<"   Adding stores to the list " << endl;
   cout <<"===============================================================================================================" << endl << endl;

     
   CustomerList *cl = Employee1 ->getCustomerList();
   //----Testing the addStore, and printStoresInfo functions:--------------------------------------
   Store *s = new Store(4567,"A Computer Store", "1111 Main St." ,"West City" ,"Alabama", "12345");
   Store *s1 = new Store(7654,"Jones Computers", "1234 Main St." ,"North City" ,"Alabama", "54321");
   Store *s2 = new Store(1234, "Smith Electronics", "2222 2nd St." ,"Eastville", "Alabama","12346");

     
   cout <<"Calling printStoresInfo() after adding one store to list."<< endl;
   cout <<"\n===============================================================================================================" << endl;
   cout << "   Stores in List " << endl;
   cout <<"===============================================================================================================" << endl;
   cl -> addStore(s);
   cl -> printStoresInfo();
   cout <<"===============================================================================================================" << endl << endl;

   cout <<"Calling printStoresInfo() after adding second store to list."<< endl;
   cout <<"\n===============================================================================================================" << endl;
   cout << "   Stores in List " << endl;
   cout <<"===============================================================================================================" << endl;
   cl -> addStore(s1);
   cl -> printStoresInfo();
   cout <<"===============================================================================================================" << endl<< endl;
  
   cout <<"Calling printStoresInfo() after adding third store to list."<< endl;
   cout <<"\n===============================================================================================================" << endl;
   cout << "   Stores in List " << endl;
   cout <<"===============================================================================================================" << endl;
   cl -> addStore(s2);
   cl -> printStoresInfo();
   cout <<"===============================================================================================================" << endl << endl;

   //---Testing the get store function:---------
   Store *s3 = NULL;
   s3=cl->getStore(1234);

   if((s3 != NULL) && (s3->getStoreID() == 1234))
       cout << "Testing getStore(1234)...successful" << endl;

   Store *s4 = NULL;
   s4=cl->getStore(7654);

   if((s4 != NULL) && (s4->getStoreID() == 7654))
       cout << "Testing getStore(7654)...successful" << endl;

      
      
         
   cout << "Testing getStore(9999)..." << endl;
       Store *s9 = NULL;
       s9 = cl->getStore(9999);
       if(s9 == NULL)
       cout << "getStore() correctly reported failure to find the store." << endl;
   //-------------------------------------------
  
     
   //---Testing updateStore Function: ----------------------------------------------------------------------
   bool chk = cl->updateStore(1234, "hello", "1111 TestAddress", "TestCity", "TestState", "TestZip");
   if(chk)
   {
   cout <<"\n===============================================================================================================" << endl;
   cout << "   Stores in List " << endl;
   cout <<"===============================================================================================================" << endl;
       cl ->printStoresInfo();
   cout <<"===============================================================================================================" << endl;
   }
   else
       cout << "updateStore test failed\n";

   bool chk1 = cl -> updateStore(9999, "NoName", "1111 NoAddress", "NoCity", "NoState", "NoZip");

   if(!chk1)
       cout << "updateStore negative test passed.\n";
   else
       cout << "updateStore negative test failed.\n";
   //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     
     

   //--Testing the removeStore function-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   Store *s5;

   s5 = cl ->removeStore(4567);
   if(s5 == NULL)

       Store *s5 = cl -> removeStore(4567);

       if(( s5 != NULL) && (s5->getStoreID() == 4567))
     
   cout << "\nRemoving store 4567 from the list...successful" << endl;
   cout << "Calling printStoresInfo after deleting a store from the head of the list." << endl;
   cout <<"===============================================================================================================" << endl;
   cout << "   Stores in List " << endl;
   cout <<"===============================================================================================================" << endl;
   cl -> printStoresInfo();
   cout <<"===============================================================================================================" << endl << endl;

   Store *s6;

   s6 = cl ->removeStore(1234);
   if(s6 == NULL)

   Store *s6 = cl -> removeStore(1234);

   if(( s6 != NULL) && (s6->getStoreID() == 1234))
     
   cout << "\nRemoving store 1234 from the list...successful" << endl;
   cout << "Calling printStoresInfo after deleting a store from the head of the list." << endl;
   cout <<"===============================================================================================================" << endl;
   cout << "   Stores in List " << endl;
   cout <<"===============================================================================================================" << endl;
   cl -> printStoresInfo();
   cout <<"===============================================================================================================" << endl << endl;
     
     
   Store *s7;

   s7 = cl ->removeStore(7654);
   if(s7 == NULL)

       Store *s7 = cl -> removeStore(7654);

       if(( s7 != NULL) && (s7->getStoreID() == 7654))
     
   cout << "\nRemoving store 7654 from the list...successful" << endl;
   cout << "Calling printStoresInfo after deleting a store from the head of the list." << endl;
   cout <<"===============================================================================================================" << endl;
   cout << "   Stores in List " << endl;
   cout <<"===============================================================================================================" << endl;
   cl -> printStoresInfo();
   cout <<"===============================================================================================================" << endl << endl;
       //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

       //---Testing the destructor-----------------
       EmployeeRecord *e = new EmployeeRecord();

       delete e;
       //------------------------------------------
      

   system ("pause");
   return 0;
}

There are many ongoing research projects that have been conducted that have traced the
individual pathways of nerves in the brain (where they start, where they end, and the path
taken). Considering the analogy of the nerves as highways, is this useful or not? Why?

Assume a mutual fund owns 2,500 shares of Goldman Sachs, trading at $66.25, 1,500 shares of Amazon, currently trading at $61.75, and 2,000 shares of Apple, trading at $18.50 on day 1. The mutual fund has no liabilities and 15,000 shares outstanding held by investors.

a. What is the NAV of the fund?

b. Calculate the change in the NAV of the fund if the next day Goldman Sachs’ shares increase to $69, Amazon’s shares increase to $65, and Pfizer’s shares decrease to $15.50.

c. Assume that on Day 1, 750 additional investors buy one share each of the mutual fund at the NAV obtained in part a) equal to $Y. This means that the fund manager has 750 * Y additional funds to invest. The fund manager decides to use these additional funds to buy additional shares in Amazon. Calculate next day’s NAV given the same rise in share values as calculated in part b.

Question 1

2C2 H4 + 02 -- > 2C2 H40

Ethylene oxide is produced by the catalytic oxidation of ethylene. The feed into the reactor contains 1700 g/min ethylene and 3700 moles/min air.

a.      What is the limiting reactant?

b.      What is the extent of reaction if only 81% of the limiting reactant is converted to the product?

c.       What is the molar composition of the product stream?

Question 2

Air at 95 °F can hold maximum of 3.52 wt% water, defined as 100% humidity at 95°F. On a hot humid day the temperature is 95°F and the air contains 3.2 wt% water (90.9 % humidity). The air cooled to 68 °F because air at 68 °F can hold a maxium of 1.44 wt% water ( i.e 100% humidity at 68 °F), water condenses from the air. Hot humid air (95°F, 90.9% humidity) flows into a cooler at a rate of 154 .0 Kg/min. Calculate the flow rate of 2 streams leaving the cooler:

a.      Air at 68°F and 1OO% humidity (stream 1: air leaving the cooling unit)

b.      Water condensed from the air (stream 2: water leaving the cooling unit)

c.       What is the degree of freedom for the cooling unit

Question 3

A mixture of organic solvents containing 45.0 mole o/o xylene, 25.0o/o toluene, and the balance benzene (X) is fed to a distillation column. The bottom product contains 98.0 mole% xylene and no benzene, and 96.0°/o of the xylene in the feed is recovered in this stream. The overhead product is fed to a second distillation column. The overhead product from the second column contains 97.0o/o of the benzene in the feed to this column. The composition of this stream i 94.0 mole% benzene and the balance toulene.

a)      Draw and label a flow chart for the process

b)      Calculate the unknown process variables

c)      The percentage of the benzene in the process feed (i.e. the feed to the first column) that emerge ,in the overhead product from the second column.

d)      The percentage of toluene in the process feed that emerges in the bottom product from the second column.

If anybody can solve these questions I would rally appreciate it.

The following information is available to reconcile Branch Company’s book balance of cash with its bank statement cash balance as of July 31, 2017.

1. On July 31, the company’s Cash account has a $24,752 debit balance, but its July bank statement shows a $27,080 cash balance.
2. Check No. 3031 for $1,520 and Check No. 3040 for $752 were outstanding on the June 30 bank reconciliation. Check No. 3040 is listed with the July canceled checks, but Check No. 3031 is not. Also, Check No. 3065 for $536 and Check No. 3069 for $2,288, both written in July, are not among the canceled checks on the July 31 statement.
3. In comparing the canceled checks on the bank statement with the entries in the accounting records, it is found that Check No. 3056 for July rent expense was correctly written and drawn for $1,280 but was erroneously entered in the accounting records as $1,270.
4. The July bank statement shows the bank collected $7,500 cash on a noninterest-bearing note for Branch, deducted a $38 collection expense, and credited the remainder to its account. Branch had not recorded this event before receiving the statement.
5. The bank statement shows an $805 charge for a $795 NSF check plus a $10 NSF charge. The check had been received from a customer, Evan Shaw. Branch has not yet recorded this check as NSF.
6. The July statement shows a $11 bank service charge. It has not yet been recorded in miscellaneous expenses because no previous notification had been received.
7. Branch’s July 31 daily cash receipts of $8,652 were placed in the bank’s night depository on that date but do not appear on the July 31 bank statement.

Required:

1. Prepare the bank reconciliation for this company as of July 31, 2017.

2. Prepare the journal entries necessary to bring the company’s book balance of cash into conformity with the reconciled cash balance as of July 31, 2017. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field.)
  

1.

Tuco Salamanca Corp. sold a machine for $4,000 on December 31, 2019. The machine was purchased on January 1, 2016, for $8,500. The residual value was estimated at $500, and the firm uses the straight-line depreciation method with an estimated useful life of 8 years. Which of the statements is correct?

2.

Which of the following costs will not be part of the value of PP&E that is constructed by a company for internal use?

3.

The depreciation expense will never appear in:

4.

Skinny Pete Inc. uses the units method of depreciation for one of its machines. The company bought the machine on March 12, 2017, for $1,400. The company estimates that the machine will be used to produce 300 gadgets in 2017, 500 gadgets in 2018, and 400 gadgets in 2019. The company further estimates that the machine has a residual value of $200. The machine was sold on December 31, 2018, for $600. Which of the statements is correct?

A block is attached to the top of a spring that stands vertically on a table. The spring stiffness is 49 N/m, its relaxed length is 27 cm, and the mass of the block is 300 g. The block is oscillating up and down as the spring stretches and compresses. At a particular time you observe that the velocity of the block is <0, 0.0877, 0> m/s and the position of the block is <0, 0.0798, 0> m relative to an origin at the base of the spring. Using a time step of 0.1 s, determine the position of the block 0.2 s later. The correct answer is .373651. How was this answer found?

The syntax of a language is quite simple. The alphabet of the language is {a, b, d, #} where # stands for a space. The grammar is
<sentence> → <word> | <sentence> # <word>
<word> → <syllable> | <syllable> <word> <syllable>
<syllable> → <plosive> | <plosive> <stop> | a <plosive> | a <stop>
<plosive> → <stop> a
<stop> → b | d

Which of the following speakers is an imposter? An impostor does not follow the rules of the language.
a: ba#ababadada#bad#dabbada Chimp:

b: abdabaadab#ada
c: Baboon: dad#ad#abaadad#badadbaad

How does accounting for a nongovernmental not-for-profit organization differ from accounting for a for-profit corporation? Choose a not-for-profit, review its financial statements, and explain the items that you find that are different from what you would see in the financial statements of a for-profit corporation.

In GoogleCollab (Python)

• Write a function power(x,i) that takes an int i and a float (i.e. real number) x and returns xi, do not use Python’s in-built power function x**i , instead write a loop to do so using only multiplication.
• Now do use the power function x**i to write a second function unit_test(y) that tests whether your first function is working correctly or not.  
• Does power(x,i) work for any value of x and i ? For which values x and i does it throw an error? What happens if the input variables are letters instead of a float and an int?
• Write a new function power_2(x,i)so that instead of throwing an error, the function prints a message that explains what went wrong in each case?  

Never forget that even small effects can be statistically significant if the samples are large. To illustrate this fact, consider a sample of 129 small businesses. During a three-year period, 14 of the 100 headed by men and 5 of the 29 headed by women failed.

(a) Find the proportions of failures for businesses headed by women and businesses headed by men. These sample proportions are quite close to each other. Give the P-value for the test of the hypothesis that the same proportion of women's and men's businesses fail. (Use the two-sided alternative). What can we conclude (Use α=0.05α=0.05)?
The P-value was _______

(b) Now suppose that the same sample proportion came from a sample 30 times as large. That is, 150 out of 870 businesses headed by women and 420 out of 3000 businesses headed by men fail. Verify that the proportions of failures are exactly the same as in part (a). Repeat the test for the new data. What can we conclude?

The P-value was _______

(c) It is wise to use a confidence interval to estimate the size of an effect rather than just giving a P-value. Give 95% confidence intervals for the difference between proportions of men's and women's businesses (men minus women) that fail for the settings of both (a) and (b). (Be sure to check that the conditions are met. If the conditions aren't met for one of the intervals, use the same type of interval for both)

Interval for smaller samples: _____ to _____
Interval for larger samples: _____ to _____

SHOW WORK FOR CALCULATIONS

1. Complete questions: Define each of the following terms:

a. Operating plan; financial plan

b. Spontaneous liabilities; profit margin; payout ratio

c. Additional funds needed (AFN); AFN equation; capital intensity ratio; self-supporting growth rate

d. Forecasted financial statement approach using percentage of sales e. Excess capacity; lumpy assets; economies of scale

f. Full capacity sales; target fixed assets to sales ratio; required level of fixed assets

2. Complete problem: Premium for Financial Risk XYZ, Inc. has an unlevered beta of 1.0. They are financed with 50% debt and has a levered beta of 1.6. If the risk-free rate is 5.5% and the market risk premium is 6%, how much is the additional premium that XYZ, Inc. shareholders require to be compensated for financial risk? Show your work.